哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（ mammalian target of rapamycin，mTOR）是一种保守的丝氨酸 /苏氨酸蛋白激酶，调控细胞的多种生理活动，接受并整合细胞内外的各种刺激。 mTOR在体内能形成 2种不同的复合物，分别是 mTOR复合物 1（mTOR complex 1， mTORC1）和 mTORC2。mTOR信号通路在骨形成与稳态等多方面起重要作用。其中，mTORC1通过对胰岛素样生长因子 -1（insulin-like growth factor 1，IGF-1）、Wnt和骨形态发生蛋白（bone morphogenetic protein，Bmp）等信号分子的调节影响骨质代谢，mTORC1的失调会导致骨关节炎和骨质疏松等疾病。该文对 mTOR信号通路与骨形成、骨稳态以及关节软骨的关系进行综述，为理解相关疾病发病机制及治疗策略提供参考。

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that integrates stimulation intracellular and extracellular environment to control many fundamental processes through two distinct protein complexes, i.e., mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Recent studies have found that mTOR pathways play important roles in skeletal development and homeostasis. In addition, mTORC1 mediates the bone anabolic effect through insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wnt, and bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp). Dysregulation of mTORC1 contributes to osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. This article reviewed the current understanding of mTOR signaling in skeletal development, bone homeostasis, and maintenance of articular cartilage, which provided a reference for the mechanism and treatment of skeletal diseases.