目的 ·探究精神分裂症易感基因在人类和小鼠脑组织各类细胞中的表达模式。方法 ·采用 4类遗传研究方法（全基因组关联研究、连锁和关联研究、拷贝数变异研究和多模态功能基因组学研究）发现精神分裂症易感基因。利用人类和小鼠脑组织单细胞 RNA测序 (RNA-seq)数据，分析精神分裂症易感基因在神经元、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和少突胶质前体细胞的表达模式，并采用 DAVID数据库对人类脑组织单细胞特异表达的易感基因进行功能富集分析。结果 ·精神分裂症易感基因在人类和小鼠脑组织单细胞的表达模式存在差异。其中，在人类和小鼠的神经元、星形胶质细胞及少突胶质细胞中，两者共同表达的易感基因数目较多；而在小胶质细胞和少突胶质前体细胞中，两者共同表达的易感基因数目少。此外，在人类脑组织单细胞特异表达的精神分裂症易感基因参与突触可塑性调控和钙离子信号转导等生物学过程。结论 ·精神分裂症易感基因在人类和小鼠脑组织单细胞水平的表达模式具有细胞类型的差异性，可为采用小鼠模型来研究精神分裂症病因学机制提供线索和依据。

Objective · To investigate the patterns of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in different neuronal cell types of human and mobrains. Methods · Schizophrenia susceptibility genes were studied based on four genetic study methods, including genome-wide association study, linkage and association study, copy number variation study and convergent functional genomics study. Single cell RNA-seq data of human and mobrains were used to explore the patterns of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in specific cell types of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Furthermore, the functions of schizophrenia risk genes identified only in human brains were analyzedfunctional annotation tools the DAVID database. Results · Comparisons were made about single cell RNA-seq data between human and mobrains, and there existed distinct patterns of schizophrenia susceptibility genes across species. Neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes both human and mowere shown to have more co-expressed schizophrenia susceptibility genes, while co- of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells rarely existed. In addition, schizophrenia risk genes expressed only in human were involved in the regulation of neural synaptic plasticity and calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion · The schizophrenia susceptibility genes have distinct profiles at the single cell level in human and mobrains, which provides clues and evidence for revealing the etiological mechanism of schizophrenia based on momodel research.