目的 ·探究流产女性及未孕女性的子宫中是否存在微生物菌群。方法 ·选取复旦大学附属华东医院妇科通过负压吸引刮宫术获得的 56例自然流产女性和 39例人工流产女性的子宫蜕膜组织，以及通过宫腔镜手术获得的 10例未孕女性（排除感染）的子宫内膜组织。选取 16S 核糖体 RNA（rRNA）基因高可变区 V4对 3组样本进行高通量测序，分析各组样本的微生物组组成，并比较各组间菌群多样性的差异。结果 ·在流产女性的蜕膜组织及未孕女性的子宫内膜组织中均检测到了低丰度的微生物组。 3组样本中，均以变形菌门（ Proteobacteria）为主要优势菌门，大肠埃希菌 /志贺菌属（ Escherichia/Shigella）为主要优势菌属。自然流产女性蜕膜组织的菌群多样性高于人工流产女性。结论 ·子宫内存在以变形杆菌门（ Proteobacteria）为优势菌的低丰度菌群。自然流产女性与人工流产女性子宫菌群中的优势菌在门、科、属水平上无显著差异，但自然流产女性子宫菌群多样性高于人工流产女性。

Objective · To explore the uterine microbiota in women undergoing abortion and non-pregnant women. Methods · Fifty-six women who had experienced spontaneous abortion and 39 women who had experienced artificial abortion were selected to obtain the decidual tissuescurettage vacuum aspiration, and 10 non-pregnant women (without infection) were selected to obtain the endometrial tissues through gynecological surgery Department of Gynecology in Huadong Hospital. Three groups of samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing based on the V4 variable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, and the bacterial composition of each group of samples was analyzed. The diversity of uterine microbiota was compared among three groups. Results · Low-abundance microbiomes were detected the decidual tissues of abortion women and the endometrial tissues of non-pregnant women. Proteobacteria was the main phylum of the three groups, and Escherichia/Shigella was the main genus. The diversity of uterine microbiota in spontaneous abortion group was higher than that in artificial abortion group. Conclusion · There is a low-abundance uterine microbiota mainly composed of Proteobacteria. The dominant bacteria at the level of phylum, family and genus has no significant difference between the spontaneous abortion group and the artificial abortion group, but there is higher flora diversity in the spontaneous abortion group than in the artificial abortion group.