精神分裂症是一种遗传度高达 80%的复杂重性精神疾病，有关其遗传成分的确切性质、功能以及遗传机制目前尚不清楚。长链非编码 RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）是在机体中广泛表达的一种转录本，其可通过多种方式调控基因的表达，参与神经细胞的增殖分化及突触的可塑性等生物学过程。近年来，诸多研究表明 lncRNA在精神分裂症患者和小鼠模型中均表达异常，参与疾病的发生与发展。该文就 lncRNA的生物学特征和基因调控机制以及 lncRNA在中枢神经系统和精神分裂症中的作用进行综述。

Schizophrenia is a complex and severe psychiatric disorder with an estimated heritability of around 80%, but the exact nature and function of genetic components, and genetic mechanisms have not yet been revealed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs which are widely expressed in the central nervous system. They regulate gene transcription in various ways, and participate in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. In recent years, many studies have reported that lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in patients with schizophrenia and momodels, which played an important role in this disorder. This review described the biological characteristics and gene regulation mechanisms of lncRNAs, and the role of lncRNAs in the central nervous system and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.