多囊卵巢综合征（ polycystic ovarian syndrome，PCOS）是育龄妇女最常见的内分泌和代谢异常疾病，以高雄激素血症、稀发排卵或不排卵、卵巢多囊样改变为主要特征。由于其临床表现的异质性， PCOS发病机制至今仍然未完全阐明，但遗传因素被认为是 PCOS的主要发病机制，而表观遗传修饰在 PCOS发病过程中具有重要作用。例如 DNA甲基化状态和 X染色体失活模式等表观遗传修饰的改变，将会影响雄激素受体基因、胰岛素基因的表达，从而改变雄激素活性，提升雄激素水平，最终导致 PCOS的产生。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（peroxisome proliferator activated receptors，PPARs）是核激素受体超家族的一员，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ，PPARG）作为 PPARs家族在卵巢颗粒细胞中的主要表达亚型，在生殖和代谢系统中均具有不可替代的生理功能，在卵巢中与甾体激素合成代谢、卵巢组织重塑、颗粒细胞细胞周期调控及胰岛素 -糖代谢稳态的维持等密切相关。进一步深入研究 PPARG在 PCOS发病机制中的作用，对该病的预测、诊治及远期并发症的预防可提供一定理论依据。该文对此进行综述。

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. It is characterizedhyperandrogenism, rare ovulation or anovulation, and ovarian polycystic changes. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, the pathogenesis of PCOS has not yet been fully elucidated, but genetic factors are considered to be the main pathogenesis of PCOS. Changes in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and X-chromosome inactivation patterns may affect the of androgen receptor genes and insulin genes, thereby altering androgen activity, increasing androgen levels, and ultimately leading to PCOS. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARG) is the major subtype of the PPARs family in ovarian granulosa cells. PPARG plays an irreplaceable physiological function in reproduction and metabolism. It is involved in ovarian steroid metabolism, ovarian tissue remodeling, granulosa cell cycle regulation and insulin-glucose metabolism. Further research on the role of PPARG in the pathogenesis of PCOS can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of long-term complications, which is reviewedthis article.