目的·基于知 - 信 - 行模式探索上海市社区中老年居民骨质疏松症相关知识、自我效能和预防管理行为之间的关联性。方法·采用方便抽样方法，抽取上海市20家社区共 2 058人，进行社会人口学信息、骨质疏松症知识量表、骨质疏松症自我效能量表、骨质疏松症预防管理行为量表的问卷调查。采用结构方程模型进行关联性分析和路径分析。结果·回收有效问卷2 001份。调查对象平均年龄（62.12±12.08）岁；在骨质疏松预防自我管理行为方面，女性得分较高［（17.25±5.35）分］（t3.78，PF26.93，Pt3.89，PF8.66，Pβ0.27，95% CI 0.22～0.32；β1.01，95% CI 0.92～1.11）。路径分析显示，骨质疏松症相关知识的掌握程度对预防管理行为具有直接作用（β0.169，Pβ0.410，P结论·男性、文化程度低、无骨疏松症家族史、收入较低是骨质疏松预防管理行为得分降低的危险因素；知识和自我效能与骨质疏松预防自我管理行为有显著相关。

Objective · To investigate the correlation between knowledge, self-efficacy and prevention management behaviour of osteoporosis among middle-aged and elderly community residents in Shanghai, based on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) theory. Methods ·using convenient sampling, a cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain information of 2 058 residents 20 communities in Shanghai, concerning socio-demographics, osteoporosis knowledge scale, osteoporosis self-efficacy scale and osteoporosis prevention management behaviour scale questionnaires. The structural equation model was applied to correlation analysis and path analysis. Results · A total of 2 001 valid questionnaires were collected, the average age being (62.12±12.08) years; female osteoporosis prevention self-management behaviour (17.25±5.35) was shown to be better mens (t3.78, PF26.93, Pt3.89, PF8.66, Pβ0.27, 95% CI 0.22-0.32; β1.01, 95% CI 0.92-1.11). Path analysis showed that relevant knowledge (β0.169, Pβ0.410, PConclusion · Male, low education, no family history of osteoporosis and low income are the risk factors for the decrease of osteoporosis prevention and management behaviour.