据最新数据统计，中国肿瘤总体发病率和死亡率与历史数据相比呈现上升趋势。深入了解肿瘤发生发展的分子机制对制定未来治疗策略十分重要。白细胞介素-11（interleukin-11，IL-11）是细胞因子中的一员，传统上被认为具有促进巨核细胞成熟和调节免疫活性的功能；但近年来，IL-11对肿瘤的促进作用逐渐被人们所发现。该文主要阐述IL-11受到转化生长因子 -β/Smad蛋白（transforming growth factor-β/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein，TGF-β/Smad）通路的调控，并可能通过Janus激酶/信号转导转录激活因子（Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription，JAK/STAT）通路和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B，PI3K/AKT）通路等信号转导途径在肿瘤发生发展、耐药、转移及肿瘤微环境中的作用，探讨干扰IL-11信号转导用于治疗肿瘤的应用前景。

According to the lastest statistics, the overall morbidity and mortality of cancer in China still show an upward trend compared with historical data. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development is important to formulate future treatment strategies. Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of cytokines that traditionally promote megakaryocyte maturation and regulate immune activity. In recent years, the promoting effect of IL-11 on tumor has been gradually discovered. This review mainly expounds that IL-11 is regulatedtransforming growth factor-β/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β/Smad) pathway, and may play a role in tumorigenesis, drug resistance, metastasis and tumor microenvironment through signal transduction pathways such as Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, and explores the application prospect of interfering IL-11 signal transduction in tumor therapy.