目的·探讨18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（18F-flurodeoxyglucose，18F-FDG）正电子发射计算机断层/X线计算机体层摄影（positron emission tomography/computed tomography，PET/CT）引导下经皮腹膜穿刺活检在腹膜增厚性疾病良恶性鉴别中的应用价值。方法·回顾性分析10例腹膜增厚原因待查患者，其中男4例，女6例；18F-FDG PET/CT检查发现腹膜病变，选择18F-FDG代谢活性较高的靶区，在同机PET/CT引导下经皮腹膜穿刺活检。结果·所有病例均一次性穿刺取材成功，无严重并发症，均取得组织病理学诊断结果。7例腹膜穿刺病理诊断为恶性病变，包括4例腹膜转移肿瘤、3例淋巴瘤；余下的3例分别为1例腹膜假黏液瘤、1例结核病变、1例炎症病变。穿刺活检准确率为100%。结论·18F-FDG PET/CT引导下经皮腹膜穿刺活检是一种安全、有效的方法，在腹膜增厚性疾病的良恶性鉴别诊断和治疗决策中发挥重要作用。

Objective · To investigate the clinical value of 18F-flurodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) -guided percutaneous biopsy in peritoneal thickening of unknown origin. Methods · Ten cases of peritoneal thicken of unknown origin including 4 males and 6 females were analyzed. After 18F-FDG PET/CT examination, the peritoneal thickening regions with high 18F-FDG uptake were selected for the target areas. Percutaneous biopsy was operated under the guidance of the same PET/CT machine. Results · All lesions were successfully obtained by one-time puncture without serious complications, and histopathological diagnosis revealed that 7 cases were malignant, including 4 cases of peritoneal metastasis and 3 cases of lymphoma. The remaining cases were 1 case of pseudomyxoma, 1 case of tuberculosis and 1 case of inflammatory lesions. The accuracy of biopsy was 100%. Conclusion · 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided peritoneal percutaneous biopsy is a safe and effective method, and may play an important role in differential diagnosis and treatment management.