目的·评估冰冻胚胎移植（frozen embryo transfer，FET）子代幼儿的体格和神经认知发育情况。方法·招募248例经FET和自然受孕（natural conception，NC）的单胎子代幼儿（1.5～4 岁）作为FET子代随访队列，随访并评估幼儿的体格及神经认知发育。利用多元Logistic回归分析评估FET子代认知迟缓的潜在风险。结果·FET组与NC对照组幼儿的身高、体质量和体质量指数的Z评分构成比间差异无统计学意义。多元Logistic回归分析显示，与NC对照组相比，FET组幼儿的神经认知发育异常和迟缓的风险较高，尤其在精细运动（OR=3.01，95%CI 1.48～6.11）和社交能力发育方面（OR=3.76，95%CI 1.63～8.69）；且在FET组中，女童的社交能力发育风险高于男童。结论·FET对子代幼儿早期的神经认知发育可能有不良影响。

Objective · To evaluate the physical and neurocognitive development of infants conceived from frozen embryo transfer (FET). Methods · Two hundred and forty-eight infants (1.5-4 years old) conceived from FET and natural conception (NC) were recruited as the follow-up cohort of FET offspring, and their physical and neurocognitive development were followed up and evaluated. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the potential risk of cognitive retardation in FET offspring. Results · There was no significant difference in composition ratio of Z score for height, weight and body mass index between the FET group and the NC control group. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the NC control group, the risk of neurocognitive development abnormalities and retardation was higher in the FET group, especially in fine motor (OR=3.01, 95%CI 1.48-6.11) and social development domains (OR=3.76, 95%CI 1.63-8.69); and in the FET group, the social development risk of female infants was higher than that of male infants. Conclusion · FET may exert a negative impact on the early neurocognitive development of infants.