目的·比较长期服用典型与非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者精神症状和认知症状影响的差异。方法·纳入上海市金山区精神卫生中心长期住院精神分裂症患者102例，按抗精神病药物使用情况分为典型抗精神病药治疗组（典型组，n=51），及非典型抗精神病药治疗组（非典型组，n=51）。用阳性和阴性症状量表（Positive and Negative Symptom Scale，PANSS）评估精神症状，用重复性成套心理状态测验（Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status，RBANS）评估认知症状。结果·99例患者完成调查（典型组49例，非典型组50例）。PANSS评分：非典型组阴性症状评分低于典型组，差异有统计学意义（P=0.049）。RBANS评分：非典型组RBANS总分及即刻记忆、语言、注意、延时记忆评分均高于典型组，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论·与服用典型抗精神病药的患者相比，长期服用非典型抗精神病药的精神分裂症患者认知症状评分较好。

Objective · To compare the effects of long-term use of typical and atypical antipsychotics on cognitive symptoms of the patients with schizophrenia. Methods · One hundred and two long-term inpatients with schizophrenia in Shanghai Jinshan Mental Health Center were included. According to the types of antipsychotics, the inpatients were divided into typical antipsychotics treatment group (typical group) or atypical antipsychotics treatment group (atypical group) with 51 cases each. Mental symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and cognitive symptoms were evaluated by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Results · Ninety-nine patients completed the investigation (49 cases in typical group and 50 cases in atypical group). PANSS score: the negative symptom score in the atypical group was lower than that in the typical group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.049). RBANS score: The total score of RBANS and the scores of immediate memory, language, attention and delayed memory in the atypical group were significantly higher than those in the typical group (all P<0.05). Conclusion · Compared with the patients who take typical antipsychotics, the patients with schizophrenia who take atypical antipsychotics for a long time have better cognitive symptom scores.