目的·探究糖尿病足溃疡（diabetic foot ulceration，DFU）相关基因的表达以及免疫细胞的特征。方法·从GEO数据库下载基因表达数据集GSE80178，利用其中6个DFU样本及3个糖尿病足皮肤（diabetic foot skin，DFS）样本，鉴别DFU与DFS的差异表达基因（differentially expressed gene，DEG），以基因本体论（Gene Ontology，GO）注释DEG可能涉及的生物过程及细胞成分，并利用反卷积方法计算并比较DFU、DFS及非糖尿病足部皮肤（non-diabetic foot skin，nDFS）的免疫细胞相对比例差异。结果·共获得296个DFU与DFS的DEG，包括80个上调基因和216个下调基因。GO分析发现，DEG在细胞成分上主要富集于细胞外泌体和细胞外空间；在生物过程中，DEG富集于角质形成细胞分化、角质化、中性粒细胞趋化等。DFS与nDFS比较，未发现免疫细胞比例差异；而DFU与DFS比较，DFU中活化肥大细胞、静息自然杀伤细胞、CD8+ T细胞、单核细胞比例增加。结论·DFU发病过程中，病灶局部可能存在主动角化与免疫调节过程，活化肥大细胞、静息自然杀伤细胞、CD8+ T细胞、单核细胞可能在病灶浸润增加；高血糖本身可能对皮肤局部的免疫细胞相对数量影响较小。

Objective · To explore the characteristics of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU)-related genes expression and immune cells. Methods · Gene expression data set GSE80178 was downloaded from the GEO database. Six DFU samples and three diabetic foot skin (DFS) samples were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The biological processes and cellular components of the DEGs were annotated by using Gene Ontology (GO). The relative proportions of immune cells among DFU samples, DFS samples and non-diabetic foot skin (nDFS) samples were calculated and compared by the deconvolution method. Results · A total of 296 DEGs were obtained, including 80 genes up-regulated and 216 genes down-regulated. GO analysis found that the DEGs were enriched in the cellular components such as exosomes and extracellular space, and in the biological processes such as keratinocyte differentiation, keratinization, and neutrophil chemotaxis. The comparison between DFS and nDFS showed no difference in immune cell proportions, while compared with DFS, the proportions of activated mast cells, resting natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes increased in the DFU samples. Conclusion · In the pathogenesis of DFU, there may be active keratinization and immunoregulation in the lesion, and the infiltration of activated mast cells, resting natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes may increase in the lesion. Hyperglycemia itself may have little effect on the relative number of immune cells in local skin.