子宫内膜异位症是妇科常见疾病，在育龄期女性中发病率为10%～15%，表现为有活性的内膜细胞种植在子宫内膜以外的位置。其症状如慢性盆腔痛、月经异常、不孕等严重影响患者的生活质量。子宫内膜异位症的发病机制尚未明确，近年来一些研究表明激素、免疫反应以及多种免疫细胞和因子的变化可能与这一疾病的发生有关。此外，子宫内膜异位症与自身免疫疾病的关系也是当今研究热点。

Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disorder prevalent in 10%–15% of women at the reproductive age worldwide. Characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial cells and stroma in various locations outside the endometrium, it is responsible for symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and subfertility, which significantly degrade the quality of the life of women. The etiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis remains to be elucidated. Changes in hormone level, immunoreaction, cytokines and chemokines in patients with endometriosis have been reported, and the data suggest that these alterations contribute to the pathology and symptoms of the disease. Furthermore, the association between autoimmunity and endometriosis has received increasing attention.