脂肪来源的间充质干细胞（adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells，ADMSCs）是从脂肪组织中分离得到的一类多能干细胞，可以在一定处理后诱导分化成为成骨细胞，在骨骼修复中具有重要的作用。研究发现ADMSCs通过分泌细胞因子和外囊泡，激活GF-β/BMPs和Wnt等信号通路，促进MSCs向成骨细胞分化。研究还发现相较于骨髓来源的间充质干细胞（bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells，BM-MSCs），应用ADMSCs及其外囊泡治疗骨质疏松症的提取成本低，安全性高，应用前景好。该文回顾ADMSCs诱导成骨分化的主要方式及分子机制，并进一步探讨ADMSCs及外囊泡应用于治疗骨质疏松症的优势和前景。

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a kind of multipotent stem cells which are isolated from the adipose tissue. They can induce the differentiation of osteoblasts under certain treatment, and are important in the repair of osseous tissue. Research has found that ADMSCs can induce the differentiation of MSCs in the direction of osteogenesis by secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles and activating GF-β/BMPs, Wnt and other signaling pathways. Research has also found that applying ADMSCs and their extracellular vesicles to the clinical treatment of osteoporosis has low extraction cost, high safety and good application prospect, compared with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This review intends to summarize the major patterns and molecular mechanisms of ADMSCs in inducing osteogenic differentiation and further discusses the advantages and prospects of applying ADMSCs and their extracellular vesicles to the clinical treatment of osteoporosis.