视网膜母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤，好发于3岁以下儿童，可导致患儿失明、眼球摘除甚至死亡，严重威胁其生命和生活质量。探索视网膜母细胞瘤肿瘤细胞起源有助于揭示其发病机制，指导诊断、分型和治疗。目前，学界以视网膜发育研究为基础，提出了视网膜前体细胞起源、视锥感光细胞起源、水平细胞或Müller胶质细胞起源3种视网膜母细胞瘤细胞起源学说。该文对视网膜母细胞瘤细胞学起源的研究进展进行了回顾总结。

Retinoblastoma is the malignant intraocular tumor most commonly happened on children, especially the children under 3 years old. It may lead to blindness, eyeball removal and even death, which severely threaten the safety and quality of children’s life. Exploring the origin of tumor cells is conducive to the reveal of the pathogenesis as well as the guidance on diagnosis, classification and treatment of retinoblastoma. Based on the studies on retinal development, three theories regarding the cell origin of retinoblastoma, namely the origin of retinal precursor cells, the origin of cone cells and the origin of horizontal cells or Müller glia cells have lately been proposed. This article reviews and summarizes the research of the origin cells in retinoblastoma.