糖尿病肾病致病机制复杂，临床治疗管理难度大。因“代谢记忆”的发现，表观遗传学在糖尿病肾病的研究中逐渐得到重视。糖尿病肾病的病理改变包括足细胞病变、系膜基质变化、上皮细胞-间充质转化等，其致病机制则涉及氧化应激、糖基化终产物、自噬与凋亡等过程。而作为糖尿病肾病发病机制中重要的组成部分，组蛋白乙酰化、甲基化、泛素化等修饰广泛参与以上过程。靶向组蛋白修饰的药物在实验条件下已取得较好的效果。该文针对糖尿病肾病发病过程中的组蛋白修饰与靶向干预的研究进展进行综述。

The management of diabetic nephropathy is grim, and its pathogenic mechanism is complicated. Epigenetics is gaining attention due to the discovery of "metabolic memory". Pathological changes of diabetic nephropathy include podocyte lesion, mesangial matrix change, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, etc. And its pathogenic mechanism involves processes such as oxidative stress, end-products of glycosylation, autophagy and apoptosis. As important parts of it, histone acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and other modifications are widely involved in the above processes. Drugs targeting histone modification under experimental conditions have obtained positive results. This article reviews progresses of the histone modification and targeted treatment in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.