目的·分析弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-cell lymphoma，DLBCL）患者临床特点和预后危险因素，评估自体造血干细胞移植（autologous stem cell transplantation，ASCT）及利妥昔单抗维持治疗对DLBCL患者预后的影响。方法·收集上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院血液科2015年1月—2020年1月收治的160例经病理及免疫分型初次确诊的DLBCL患者的临床资料，分析影响患者疗效与预后的危险因素。分析复发/难治性DLBCL患者的临床特征，评估挽救性ASCT对患者总生存（overall survival，OS）的影响。对中期评估达到完全缓解（complete remission，CR）的高危患者，评估ASCT及利妥昔单抗维持治疗对其生存预后的影响。结果·初治年龄>60岁（P=0.005）、国际预后指数（International Prognostic Index，IPI）3~5分（P=0.032）、低白蛋白水平（P=0.001）及贫血（P=0.007）患者的近期疗效不佳。多因素分析结果显示：患者初治年龄>60岁（HR=2.788，95%CI 1.575~4.936，P=0.000），non-GCB亚型（HR=2.230，95%CI 1.150~4.324，P=0.018），乳酸脱氢酶水平升高（HR=2.064，95%CI 1.006~4.234，P=0.048），低白蛋白水平（HR=2.052，95% CI 1.169~3.602，P=0.012）是影响患者无进展生存（progression-free survival，PFS）的独立危险因素；患者初治年龄>60岁（HR=2.269，95%CI 1.060~4.860，P=0.035），IPI评分3~5分（HR=2.557，95%CI 1.132~5.778，P=0.024）作为独立因素影响患者OS。对于复发/难治性DLBCL患者，挽救性ASCT能显著改善其预后，是患者死亡事件的保护性因素（P=0.030）。对于化学治疗后中期评估达到CR的高危患者，巩固性ASCT及利妥昔单抗维持治疗者至随访终点尚未出现死亡事件，但并未延长患者OS（P>0.05）。结论·挽救性ASCT能显著延长复发/难治性DLBCL患者OS，但巩固性ASCT及利妥昔单抗维持治疗并不能延长高危DLBCL患者OS。

Objective ·To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and evaluate the prognostic effects of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and rituximab maintenance therapy on DLBCL patients. Methods ·The clinical data of 160 patients with DLBCL who were first diagnosed by pathology and immunotyping were collected from the Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to January 2020, and the risk factors affecting the efficacy and prognosis of patients were analyzed. Moreover, the clinical characteristics of patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL and the effect of salvage ASCT on overall survival (OS) were assessed. For those high-risk patients who achieved complete remission (CR) in the interim assessment, the impact of ASCT and rituximab maintenance therapy on survival outcomes was further assessed. Results ·Patients with initial age of treatment >60 years (P=0.005), International Prognostic Index (IPI) 3?5 scores (P=0.032), low albumin level (P=0.001) and anemia (P=0.007) had poor efficacy. Multivariate analysis showed that the initial age of treatment >60 years (HR=2.788, 95%CI 1.575?4.936, P=0.000), non-GCB subtype (HR=2.230, 95%CI 1.150?4.324, P=0.018), elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (HR=2.064, 95%CI 1.006?4.234, P=0.048) and low albumin level (HR=2.052, 95% CI 1.169?3.602, P=0.012) were the independent risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS). The initial age of treatment >60 years (HR=2.269, 95% CI 1.060?4.860, P=0.035) and IPI scores of 3 to 5 (HR=2.557, 95%CI 1.132?5.778, P=0.024) were independent factors affecting OS. For patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL, salvage ASCT was found to significantly improve the prognosis of these patients and was a protective factor for the death event of patients (P=0.030). For patients in the high-risk group who achieved CR in the interim evaluation after chemotherapy, there were no deaths in patients on maintenance therapy with consolidation ASCT and rituximab to the end point of follow-up; however, it did not prolong the OS of the patients (P>0.05). Conclusion ·In patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL, salvage ASCT can significantly prolong the OS, whereas in the high-risk patients of DLBCL, consolidation ASCT and rituximab maintenance therapy can't prolong the OS.