上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报（医学版） >

2026 , Vol. 46 >Issue 4: 415 - 426

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.04.001

前沿述评

调节性T细胞基础机制研究突破和临床转化前景

  • 王震 ,
  • 张楠 ,
  • 沈艺冰 ,
  • 李丹 ,
  • 彭程 ,
  • 顾志冬 ,
  • 李斌
展开
  • 1.上海交通大学医学院海南国际医学中心临床免疫与治疗实验室，琼海 571400
    2.上海交通大学医学院免疫学与微生物学系，上海市免疫学研究所免疫相关疾病研究中心，上海 200025
    3.上海交通大学海南研究院，三亚 572025
    4.上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院，上海 200025
    5.上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院海南医院（海南博鳌研究型医院），琼海 571400
第一联系人：为共同第一作者（co-first authors）。
李 斌，教授，博士；电子信箱：binli@shsmu.edu.cn
顾志冬，教授，博士；电子信箱：13806153534@163.com
彭 程，工程师，博士；电子信箱：chpeng2005@163.com。

收稿日期: 2025-12-02

  录用日期: 2026-01-21

  网络出版日期: 2026-04-17

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(82441047);国家自然科学基金(82241222);国家自然科学基金(32130041);国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0501605)

收起

Breakthroughs in basic mechanism research and clinical translation prospects of regulatory T cells

  • Wang Zhen ,
  • Zhang Nan ,
  • Shen Yibing ,
  • Li Dan ,
  • Peng Cheng ,
  • Gu Zhidong ,
  • Li Bin
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  • 1.Clinical Immunology and Therapy Laboratory, Hainan International Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Qionghai 571400, China
    2.Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
    3.Shanghai Jiao Tong University Hainan Research Institute, Sanya 572025, China
    4.Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
    5.Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Hainan Boao Research Hospital), Qionghai 571400, China
Li Bin, E-mail: binli@shsmu.edu.cn
Gu Zhidong, E-mail: 13806153534@163.com
Peng Cheng, E-mail: chpeng2005@163.com.

Received date: 2025-12-02

  Accepted date: 2026-01-21

  Online published: 2026-04-17

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(82441047);National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0501605)

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摘要

免疫耐受是维持机体免疫系统稳态的核心基石，一旦这一精密调控机制发生紊乱，将直接诱发类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫病，以及肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸、器官移植排斥等一系列表现，严重威胁人类生命健康。2025年诺贝尔生理学/医学奖被授予玛丽·E·布伦科（Mary E. Brunkow）、弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔（Fred Ramsdell）与坂口志文（Shimon Sakaguchi），以表彰他们在外周免疫耐受领域的开创性贡献——成功鉴定CD4+CD25+FOXP3+调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell，Treg）及其核心调控基因——叉头框蛋白P3（forkhead box P3，FOXP3），建立了“FOXP3-Treg-免疫耐受”的核心理论框架，为后续相关研究的开展奠定了坚实基础。该综述系统梳理Treg与FOXP3研究的历史脉络，从早期对免疫耐受现象的初步探索，到关键细胞亚群与调控基因的鉴定，清晰呈现领域发展的演进历程；重点聚焦近年来的关键进展，全面涵盖Treg亚型的精细分类与发育特征、FOXP3调控网络的多维度拓展、Treg在多种疾病中的功能机制解析及临床转化的突破性成果等核心内容，最后围绕Treg疗法的临床转化瓶颈对未来发展方向进行展望。

关键词： 调节性T细胞; 叉头框蛋白P3; 免疫耐受; 免疫稳态; 临床转化

本文引用格式

王震 , 张楠 , 沈艺冰 , 李丹 , 彭程 , 顾志冬 , 李斌 . 调节性T细胞基础机制研究突破和临床转化前景[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2026 , 46(4) : 415 -426 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.04.001

Abstract

Immune tolerance serves as the core cornerstone for maintaining the homeostasis of the body's immune system. Once this sophisticated regulatory mechanism is disrupted, it will directly induce a series of major diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as tumor immune escape and organ transplant rejection, seriously endangering human life and health. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi in recognition of their pioneering contributions to the field of peripheral immune tolerance—successfully identifying CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and their core regulatory gene, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and establishing the core theoretical framework of the “FOXP3-Treg-immune tolerance” axis, which has laid a solid foundation for subsequent research in this field. This review systematically combs the historical context of Treg and FOXP3 research, clearly presenting the evolutionary trajectory of the field from the early exploration of immune tolerance phenomena to the identification of key cell subsets and regulatory genes. It focuses on key advances in recent years, comprehensively covering core contents such as the refined classification and developmental characteristics of Treg subtypes, the multi-dimensional expansion of the FOXP3 regulatory network, the functional mechanisms of Treg in various diseases, and breakthrough achievements in clinical translation. Finally, focusing on the bottlenecks in the clinical translation of Treg therapies, this review provides perspectives on future development directions.

Key words： regulatory T cell (Treg); forkhead box P3 (FOXP3); immune tolerance; immune homeostasis; clinical translation

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