基因治疗作为一种新的疾病治疗方法，展示了广阔的临床应用前景；但基因治疗中仍存在着许多亟待解决的问题，尤其是如何实现在活体条件下对治疗基因的定位及表达进行监测和评估。放射性核素报告基因显像是近年来发展迅速的一种无创、灵敏的活体内监测基因表达的方法，具有灵敏度高和特异性强的优点，并可进行深部组织显像和重复显像，展示了良好的应用前景。文章就放射性核素报告基因显像用于监测基因治疗的原理、特点及应用进行综述。

As a new disease therapy method, gene therapy shows a broad application prospect. However, there are still lots of problems in gene therapy to be solved. To evaluate the efficiency of gene therapy, it is requisite to monitor and evaluate the localization and expression of the therapeutic gene in vivo. Radionuclide reporter gene imaging, with rapid development in recent years, is considered as a non-invasive and sensitive method in monitoring the expression of the therapeutic gene in vivo. This method, which has the advantage of high sensitivity and specificity and may carry on deep-tissue imaging and repeat imaging, has shown a good application prospect. The mechanism, characteristics and value of radionuclide reporter gene imaging in monitoring gene therapy are reviewed in this paper.