
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science) ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 52-60.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.01.007
• Clinical research • Previous Articles Next Articles
XUE Linlin1(
), LI Binghan1, CHANG Lixian2, LI Weikun2, LIU Chunyun2, LIU Li2(
)
Received:2022-09-01
Accepted:2022-12-09
Online:2023-01-28
Published:2023-01-28
Contact:
LIU Li
E-mail:18860230076@163.com;liuli197210@163.com
Supported by:CLC Number:
XUE Linlin, LI Binghan, CHANG Lixian, LI Weikun, LIU Chunyun, LIU Li. Construction and evaluation of a nomogram prediction model for bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2023, 43(1): 52-60.
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URL: https://xuebao.shsmu.edu.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.01.007
| Item | Non-bacterial infection group (n=411) | Bacterial infection group (n=163) | χ2 /Z value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age≥60 years/n (%) | 32 (7.8) | 24 (14.7) | 6.283 | 0.012 |
| Gender/n (%) | 6.381 | 0.012 | ||
| Male | 304 (74.0) | 105 (64.4) | ||
| Female | 107 (26.0) | 58 (35.6) | ||
| Complication on admission/n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 74 (16.9) | 20 (12.0) | 2.803 | 0.094 |
| Hypertension | 107 (24.4) | 5 (3.0) | 1.926 | 0.588 |
| Upper gastrointestinal Hemorrhage | 19 (4.3) | 4 (2.4) | 1.427 | 0.232 |
| Ascites | 113 (25.7) | 81 (48.5) | 28.073 | 0.000 |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 7 (1.6) | 5 (3.0) | 1.061 | 0.303 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 21 (4.8) | 10 (6.0) | 0.240 | 0.624 |
| Portal hypertensive Gastroenteropathy | 74 (16.9) | 24 (14.4) | 0.673 | 0.412 |
| Hyperammonemia | 24 (5.5) | 18 (10.8) | 4.660 | 0.031 |
| History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks/n (%)① | 29 (7.1) | 23 (14.1) | 7.050 | 0.008 |
| Infusing human serum albumin/n (%) | 134 (32.6) | 24(14.7) | 18.703 | 0.000 |
| Laboratory index | ||||
| WBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.2) | 4.6 (3.6, 6.2) | -3.920 | 0.000 |
| RBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.2, 4.8) | 3.8 (3.0, 4.5) | -1.858 | 0.063 |
| PLT/(×109·L-1) | 76.0 (52.0, 110.0) | 71.0 (47.0, 104.0) | -0.917 | 0.359 |
| NEUT/(×109·L-1) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 3.0 (2.1, 4.4) | -4.730 | 0.000 |
| HGB/(g·L-1) | 124.0 (101.0, 145.0) | 121.3 (90.0, 145.0) | -1.817 | 0.069 |
| TP/(g·L-1) | 68.0 (60.8, 72.8) | 66.3 (58.2, 70.5) | -3.107 | 0.002 |
| ALB/(g·L-1) | 32.9 (28.0, 38.7) | 30.5 (24.9, 35.0) | -4.280 | 0.000 |
| PA/(mg·L-1) | 114.9 (93.1, 134.7) | 114.9 (76.6, 115.0) | -2.870 | 0.004 |
| GPT/(U·L-1) | 39.0 (24.0, 64.0) | 36.0 (23.0, 59.0) | -1.509 | 0.131 |
| GOT/(U·L-1) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | -0.608 | 0.543 |
| TBIL/(μmol·L-1) | 28.3 (18.0, 45.5) | 36.0 (19.9, 69.4) | -2.728 | 0.006 |
| TAG/(mmol·L-1) | 1.2 (0.7, 4.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 4.1) | -0.496 | 0.620 |
| CHOL/(mmol·L-1) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) | 3.2 (2.4, 3.4) | -4.081 | 0.000 |
| HDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.4) | -3.581 | 0.000 |
| LDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | -0.872 | 0.383 |
| UR/(mmol·L-1) | 4.7 (3.4, 6.3) | 5.3 (3.6, 7.4) | -1.590 | 0.112 |
| CREA/(mmol·L-1) | 65.0 (54.0, 79.0) | 71.0 (55.0, 90.0) | -3.100 | 0.002 |
| UA/(μmol·L-1) | 354.0 (276.0, 443.0) | 366.0 (303.0, 447.0) | -0.904 | 0.366 |
| LDH/(U·L-1) | 210.1 (156.0, 231.0) | 210.1 (159.0, 252.0) | -1.732 | 0.083 |
| PT/s | 15.1 (13.1, 16.8) | 15.1 (10.3, 17.8) | -0.393 | 0.694 |
| PTA/% | 58.0 (42.0, 71.0) | 54.7 (20.3, 68.0) | -1.937 | 0.053 |
| INR | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.6) | -2.708 | 0.007 |
| AFP/(ng·mL-1) | 10.2 (5.2, 26.3) | 8.7 (3.8, 1 476.3) | -0.073 | 0.942 |
| ALP/(U·L-1) | 133.0 (99.0, 200.6) | 143.0 (98.0, 200.6) | -0.806 | 0.420 |
| IL-6/(pg·mL-1) | 21.0 (8.4, 64.5) | 62.7 (23.1, 64.5) | -5.908 | 0.000 |
| C1q/(mg·L-1) | 170.0 (142.0, 190.0) | 164.7 (140.0, 177.0) | -1.878 | 0.060 |
| hs-CRP/(mg·L-1) | 5.3 (0.8, 11.8) | 4.2 (0.8, 11.8) | -0.639 | 0.523 |
| Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks/n (%) | 177 (43.1) | 95 (58.3) | 10.839 | 0.001 |
Tab 1 Baseline data comparison between the two groups of patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis
| Item | Non-bacterial infection group (n=411) | Bacterial infection group (n=163) | χ2 /Z value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age≥60 years/n (%) | 32 (7.8) | 24 (14.7) | 6.283 | 0.012 |
| Gender/n (%) | 6.381 | 0.012 | ||
| Male | 304 (74.0) | 105 (64.4) | ||
| Female | 107 (26.0) | 58 (35.6) | ||
| Complication on admission/n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 74 (16.9) | 20 (12.0) | 2.803 | 0.094 |
| Hypertension | 107 (24.4) | 5 (3.0) | 1.926 | 0.588 |
| Upper gastrointestinal Hemorrhage | 19 (4.3) | 4 (2.4) | 1.427 | 0.232 |
| Ascites | 113 (25.7) | 81 (48.5) | 28.073 | 0.000 |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 7 (1.6) | 5 (3.0) | 1.061 | 0.303 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 21 (4.8) | 10 (6.0) | 0.240 | 0.624 |
| Portal hypertensive Gastroenteropathy | 74 (16.9) | 24 (14.4) | 0.673 | 0.412 |
| Hyperammonemia | 24 (5.5) | 18 (10.8) | 4.660 | 0.031 |
| History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks/n (%)① | 29 (7.1) | 23 (14.1) | 7.050 | 0.008 |
| Infusing human serum albumin/n (%) | 134 (32.6) | 24(14.7) | 18.703 | 0.000 |
| Laboratory index | ||||
| WBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.2) | 4.6 (3.6, 6.2) | -3.920 | 0.000 |
| RBC/(×109·L-1) | 4.0 (3.2, 4.8) | 3.8 (3.0, 4.5) | -1.858 | 0.063 |
| PLT/(×109·L-1) | 76.0 (52.0, 110.0) | 71.0 (47.0, 104.0) | -0.917 | 0.359 |
| NEUT/(×109·L-1) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 3.0 (2.1, 4.4) | -4.730 | 0.000 |
| HGB/(g·L-1) | 124.0 (101.0, 145.0) | 121.3 (90.0, 145.0) | -1.817 | 0.069 |
| TP/(g·L-1) | 68.0 (60.8, 72.8) | 66.3 (58.2, 70.5) | -3.107 | 0.002 |
| ALB/(g·L-1) | 32.9 (28.0, 38.7) | 30.5 (24.9, 35.0) | -4.280 | 0.000 |
| PA/(mg·L-1) | 114.9 (93.1, 134.7) | 114.9 (76.6, 115.0) | -2.870 | 0.004 |
| GPT/(U·L-1) | 39.0 (24.0, 64.0) | 36.0 (23.0, 59.0) | -1.509 | 0.131 |
| GOT/(U·L-1) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | 59.0 (36.0, 94.0) | -0.608 | 0.543 |
| TBIL/(μmol·L-1) | 28.3 (18.0, 45.5) | 36.0 (19.9, 69.4) | -2.728 | 0.006 |
| TAG/(mmol·L-1) | 1.2 (0.7, 4.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 4.1) | -0.496 | 0.620 |
| CHOL/(mmol·L-1) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) | 3.2 (2.4, 3.4) | -4.081 | 0.000 |
| HDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.4) | -3.581 | 0.000 |
| LDL-C/(mmol·L-1) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.6) | -0.872 | 0.383 |
| UR/(mmol·L-1) | 4.7 (3.4, 6.3) | 5.3 (3.6, 7.4) | -1.590 | 0.112 |
| CREA/(mmol·L-1) | 65.0 (54.0, 79.0) | 71.0 (55.0, 90.0) | -3.100 | 0.002 |
| UA/(μmol·L-1) | 354.0 (276.0, 443.0) | 366.0 (303.0, 447.0) | -0.904 | 0.366 |
| LDH/(U·L-1) | 210.1 (156.0, 231.0) | 210.1 (159.0, 252.0) | -1.732 | 0.083 |
| PT/s | 15.1 (13.1, 16.8) | 15.1 (10.3, 17.8) | -0.393 | 0.694 |
| PTA/% | 58.0 (42.0, 71.0) | 54.7 (20.3, 68.0) | -1.937 | 0.053 |
| INR | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.6) | -2.708 | 0.007 |
| AFP/(ng·mL-1) | 10.2 (5.2, 26.3) | 8.7 (3.8, 1 476.3) | -0.073 | 0.942 |
| ALP/(U·L-1) | 133.0 (99.0, 200.6) | 143.0 (98.0, 200.6) | -0.806 | 0.420 |
| IL-6/(pg·mL-1) | 21.0 (8.4, 64.5) | 62.7 (23.1, 64.5) | -5.908 | 0.000 |
| C1q/(mg·L-1) | 170.0 (142.0, 190.0) | 164.7 (140.0, 177.0) | -1.878 | 0.060 |
| hs-CRP/(mg·L-1) | 5.3 (0.8, 11.8) | 4.2 (0.8, 11.8) | -0.639 | 0.523 |
| Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks/n (%) | 177 (43.1) | 95 (58.3) | 10.839 | 0.001 |
| Item | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
| Age≥60 years | 2.045 (1.164‒3.594) | 0.013 | 2.054 (1.104‒3.822) | 0.023 |
| Gender (female) | 1.569 (1.064‒2.316) | 0.023 | 1.701 (1.112‒2.602) | 0.014 |
| Diabetes | 1.567 (0.921‒2.666) | 0.098 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Hypertension | 1.167 (0.709‒1.918) | 0.544 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Hyperammonemia | 2.002 (1.055‒3.797) | 0.034 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Ascites | 2.605 (1.789‒3.793) | 0.000 | 2.386 (1.601‒3.557) | 0.000 |
| History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks① | 2.164 (1.211‒3.867) | 0.009 | 2.605 (1.386‒4.960) | 0.004 |
| Infusing human serum albumin | 0.357 (0.221‒0.577) | 0.000 | 0.324 (0.194‒0.542) | 0.000 |
| Laboratory index | ||||
| WBC | 1.187 (1.099‒1.282) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| NEUT | 1.239 (1.131‒1.359) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| HGB | 0.995 (0.990‒1.000) | 0.068 | ‒ | ‒ |
| TP | 0.980 (0.964‒0.997) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
| ALB | 0.952 (0.930‒0.975) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| PA | 0.992 (0.988‒0.997) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| TBIL | 1.007 (1.003‒1.010) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| CHOL | 0.680 (0.559‒0.827) | 0.000 | 0.675 (0.549‒0.830) | 0.000 |
| HDL-C | 0.644 (0.485‒0.854) | 0.002 | ‒ | ‒ |
| LDL-C | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
| CREA | 1.005 (1.001‒1.009) | 0.007 | ‒ | ‒ |
| IL-6 | 1.001 (1.000‒1.002) | 0.027 | ‒ | ‒ |
| C1q | 0.995 (0.992‒0.999) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
| LDH | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
| INR | 1.015 (0.932‒1.107) | 0.727 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks | 1.847 (1.279‒2.677) | 0.001 | 1.629 (1.098‒2.416) | 0.015 |
Tab 2 Results of univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis
| Item | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
| Age≥60 years | 2.045 (1.164‒3.594) | 0.013 | 2.054 (1.104‒3.822) | 0.023 |
| Gender (female) | 1.569 (1.064‒2.316) | 0.023 | 1.701 (1.112‒2.602) | 0.014 |
| Diabetes | 1.567 (0.921‒2.666) | 0.098 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Hypertension | 1.167 (0.709‒1.918) | 0.544 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Hyperammonemia | 2.002 (1.055‒3.797) | 0.034 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Ascites | 2.605 (1.789‒3.793) | 0.000 | 2.386 (1.601‒3.557) | 0.000 |
| History of invasive procedures in the last two weeks① | 2.164 (1.211‒3.867) | 0.009 | 2.605 (1.386‒4.960) | 0.004 |
| Infusing human serum albumin | 0.357 (0.221‒0.577) | 0.000 | 0.324 (0.194‒0.542) | 0.000 |
| Laboratory index | ||||
| WBC | 1.187 (1.099‒1.282) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| NEUT | 1.239 (1.131‒1.359) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| HGB | 0.995 (0.990‒1.000) | 0.068 | ‒ | ‒ |
| TP | 0.980 (0.964‒0.997) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
| ALB | 0.952 (0.930‒0.975) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| PA | 0.992 (0.988‒0.997) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| TBIL | 1.007 (1.003‒1.010) | 0.000 | ‒ | ‒ |
| CHOL | 0.680 (0.559‒0.827) | 0.000 | 0.675 (0.549‒0.830) | 0.000 |
| HDL-C | 0.644 (0.485‒0.854) | 0.002 | ‒ | ‒ |
| LDL-C | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
| CREA | 1.005 (1.001‒1.009) | 0.007 | ‒ | ‒ |
| IL-6 | 1.001 (1.000‒1.002) | 0.027 | ‒ | ‒ |
| C1q | 0.995 (0.992‒0.999) | 0.018 | ‒ | ‒ |
| LDH | 1.001 (1.000‒1.003) | 0.071 | ‒ | ‒ |
| INR | 1.015 (0.932‒1.107) | 0.727 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Hospitalization time ≥2 weeks | 1.847 (1.279‒2.677) | 0.001 | 1.629 (1.098‒2.416) | 0.015 |
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