The location and size of tumors, treatment methods and prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer can seriously affect their oral function and neck activity, thereby affecting daily activities such as eating, speech and upper limb movement. Early rehabilitation after head and neck cancer surgery can accelerate functional recovery, alleviate discomfort symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce unnecessary rehabilitation or treatment measures. Developing a clinical rehabilitation nursing pathway for head and neck cancer, forming personalized rehabilitation plans, and conducting early and effective nursing interventions are currently one of the key points of clinical work for patients with head and neck cancer. At present, domestic and foreign guidelines or consensus pays less attention to the impairments of speech function, chewing and swallowing function, neck and shoulder function etc., and lacks a systematic and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing guide or consensus to provide practical guidance for the care of patients with head and neck cancer. Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine organized relevant experts from Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Anhui to draft Expert consensus on postoperative rehabilitation nursing of patients with head and neck cancer basing on previous literature and clinical nursing skills and experiences, of which the aim is to provide guidance for those patients in the aspects of oral care, nutritional support, flap donor area care, care after tracheotomy, chewing and swallowing rehabilitation, speech function rehabilitation, neck and shoulder function rehabilitation, restricted mouth opening rehabilitation, risk identification and prevention and follow-up.
Keywords:head and neck cancer
;
rehabilitation nursing
;
clinical practice
;
expert consensus
GU Fen, WANG Yueping, YANG Wenyu, ZHAO Xiaomei, TANG Yan, SHEN Shukun, MAO Yan, ZHANG Jinfeng, WU Yifan, ZHANG Yuanyuan, YANG Yue, ZHANG Jianchun, YU Hong, WANG Lan, HAO Guihua, HOU Lili. Expert consensus on postoperative rehabilitation nursing of patients with head and neck cancer. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2023, 43(10): 1289-1296 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.10.010
口腔颌面头颈肿瘤(head and neck cancer,HNC)是指发生在上消化道和上呼吸道,包括口腔颌面、咽、喉、鼻腔及鼻窦等部位的肿瘤总称[1]。对于HNC患者而言,肿瘤部位及大小、治疗方式以及预后情况会对其口腔功能及颈部活动产生重要影响,进而影响进食、言语、上肢运动等日常活动。早期康复可以加快功能恢复、缓解不适症状、提升生活质量、减少不必要的康复或治疗措施。制定HNC临床康复护理路径,形成个体化康复方案,及早有效地开展护理干预,是当今HNC临床工作的重点之一。目前,国外发表与HNC护理相关的指南[2],主要聚焦于症状和术后管理,而国内仅针对该患者群体吞咽障碍、气管切开、营养管理开展了方案构建[3-4]、证据总结[5-6]等形式的研究,但针对言语、咀嚼、颈肩功能等障碍研究较少,且缺乏系统全面的康复护理指南或共识为HNC护理提供理论和实践指导。因此,上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院组织相关专家,查阅以往相关文献,结合临床护理一线的技术与经验,并组织来自北京、上海、四川、陕西、浙江、安徽共21位专家进行多轮会议与讨论,共同撰写了《口腔颌面头颈肿瘤康复护理专家共识》(以下简称《共识》),以提供对口腔护理,营养支持,皮瓣供区护理,气管切开护理,咀嚼吞咽、言语功能、颈肩功能及张口受限的康复护理,风险识别与防范,随访方面的技术指导,为临床提供一定依据。《共识》已在国际实践指南注册与透明化平台(http://www.guidelines-registry.cn)注册(No.PREPARE-2023CN066)。
依据“6S”证据模型,自上而下检索国际指南协作网(http://www.his.ox.ac.uk/guidelines/)、美国国立指南库(https://www.guideline.gov/)、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(https://www.nice.org.uk/)、澳大利亚头颈肿瘤协会(https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/)、中国台湾头颈肿瘤协会(http://thns.org.tw/medicine/)以及PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库。中文检索式为(头颈癌OR口腔癌OR口腔颌面肿瘤OR口腔颌面头颈肿瘤OR头颈肿瘤OR口腔肿瘤OR颌面肿瘤)AND(护理OR康复护理OR康复)。英文检索式为#1:("head and neck"[Title/Abstract] OR oral [Title/Abstract] OR "oral cavity" [Title/Abstract] OR Larynx [Mesh Terms] OR Pharynx [Mesh Terms] OR Oropharynx [Mesh Terms] OR Mouth [Mesh Terms] OR tongue [Title/Abstract] OR "oral and maxillofacial" [Title/Abstract] OR "Parotid gland" [Mesh Terms] OR parotid [Title/Abstract]);#2:(cancer [Title/Abstract] OR Neoplasms [Mesh Terms] OR tumor*[Title/Abstract]);#3:(Nursing[Mesh Terms] OR Rehabilitation[Mesh Terms]);#4:(Consensus[Mesh Terms] OR guideline [Title/Abstract] OR "systematic review" [Title/Abstract] OR "randomized controlled trial" [Title/Abstract]);#5: #1 AND #2 AND #3 AND #4。检索时间为建库至2023年3月31日。
采用AGREE(Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation)协作组织2017年12月更新的AGREE Ⅱ评价表对指南进行质量评价,应用多维系统评价评估工具(Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2,AMSTAR-2)对系统评价和meta分析进行质量评价,应用JBI(Joanna Briggs Institute)循证卫生保健中心专家共识评价标准(2016版)对专家共识进行质量评价,采用JBI循证卫生保健中心2014年制定的证据预分级及证据推荐级别系统对原始研究进行质量评价。由2名研究者独立完成文献质量评价后交叉核对,出现分歧时由第3名研究者进行质量评价后裁决。
(3)头颈部症状评估:推荐使用美国国家综合癌症网络功能评估-头颈部癌症症状指数-22量表(NCCN-FACT Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Index-22,NFHNSI-22)和范德堡头颈部症状评估量表(Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey,VHHSS)[58]评估患者症状的严重程度。
(4)口腔恢复情况评估:建议采用口腔健康影响程度量表(Oral Health Impact Profile,OHIP)评估患者的恢复情况。对于有口腔黏膜炎而引发疼痛的患者,可根据需要,在医师指导下使用苯海拉明、利多卡因、抗酸漱口水缓解疼痛[7]。
GU Fen and WANG Yueping retrieved literature. The manuscript was drafted and revised by GU Fen, WANG Yueping, YANG Wenyu, ZHAO Xiaomei, TANG Yan, SHEN Shukun, MAO Yan, ZHANG Jinfeng, WU Yifan, ZHANG Yuanyuan, YANG Yue, ZHANG Jianchun, YU Hong, WANG Lan, HAO Guihua and HOU Lili. HOU Lili designed the study and reviewed the article. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.
利益冲突声明
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
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... (3)头颈部症状评估:推荐使用美国国家综合癌症网络功能评估-头颈部癌症症状指数-22量表(NCCN-FACT Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Index-22,NFHNSI-22)和范德堡头颈部症状评估量表(Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey,VHHSS)[58]评估患者症状的严重程度. ...
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... (3)头颈部症状评估:推荐使用美国国家综合癌症网络功能评估-头颈部癌症症状指数-22量表(NCCN-FACT Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Index-22,NFHNSI-22)和范德堡头颈部症状评估量表(Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey,VHHSS)[58]评估患者症状的严重程度. ...