上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2024, 44(3): 334-341 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.03.005

论著 · 临床研究

全身免疫炎症指数及躯体化症状评分对首发心梗PCI术后发生院内主要不良心血管事件的预测价值

郑梦奕,1, 毛家亮2, 邹治国2, 张瑞雷3, 张厚1, 李世光,3

1.蚌埠医科大学研究生院,蚌埠 233030

2.上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心内科,上海 200127

3.安徽省第二人民医院心内科,合肥 230041

Predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index and somatic symptom scale-China in the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events after first-episode of acute myocardial infarction undergoing PCI

ZHENG Mengyi,1, MAO Jialiang2, ZOU Zhiguo2, ZHANG Ruilei3, ZHANG Hou1, LI Shiguang,3

1.Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China

2.Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China

3.Department of Cardiology, The Second People′s Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei 230041, China

通讯作者: 李世光,电子信箱:1191722600@qq.com

编委: 吴洋

收稿日期: 2023-10-31   接受日期: 2024-01-26  

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金.  82300366
安徽省高校科学研究项目.  ZR2021B006
安徽省临床重点专科建设项目

Corresponding authors: LI Shiguang, E-mail:1191722600@qq.com.

Received: 2023-10-31   Accepted: 2024-01-26  

作者简介 About authors

郑梦奕(1998—),女,住院医师,硕士生;电子信箱:ZhengMY32@163.com。 E-mail:ZhengMY32@163.com

摘要

目的·探讨全身免疫炎症指数(systemic immune inflammation index,SII)及躯体化症状评分(somatic symptom scale-China,SSS-CN)对首发急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后发生院内主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular event,MACE)的预测价值。方法·连续纳入2021年9月至2023年9月就诊于安徽省第二人民医院心内科并接受PCI治疗的首发AMI患者305例。根据患者住院期间是否发生MACE相关事件分为MACEs组(n=203)与非MACEs组(n=102)。对2组患者的性别、年龄、实验室检查结果等资料进行描述性统计分析,并根据分析结果对有统计学意义的项目进行二元Logistic回归检验;进一步绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,评估SII及SSS-CN预测院内MACE发生的价值。在此基础上联合冠状动脉syntax评分(syntax score,SS),评价三者联合的预测效能,根据最大约登指数确定诊断的最佳cut-off值。结果·共有203例患者发生MACE事件,其中179例(88.1%)患者发生心力衰竭,16例(7.9%)患者发生严重心律失常,4例(2.0%)患者发生休克,2例(1.0%)患者发生再发心肌梗死,2例(1.0%)患者死亡。与非MACE组相比,MACEs组SII及SSS-CN评分显著升高(1 925.86 vs 934.23,38.57 vs 23.30;均P<0.05);二元Logistic回归分析结果提示两者均为MACE发生的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示:当SII≥952时预测效能最佳,敏感度达64.0%,特异度达62.7%(AUC 0.675,95%CI 0.612~0.737);SSS-CN≥28.5分时预测效能最佳,敏感度达80.7%,特异度达77.5%(AUC 0.840,95%CI 0.794~0.886);联合SS后,三者对MACE的预测效能进一步提高(AUC 0.898,95%CI 0.862~0.933)。结论·首发AMI患者的入院SII及SSS-CN分值为此类患者行PCI术后住院期间发生MACE的独立危险因素,早期监测首发AMI患者PCI术后SII变化,或对有明显躯体化症状的患者及时进行SSS-CN评分能帮助识别院内MACE发生的高危患者。

关键词: 全身免疫炎症指数 ; 躯体化症状评分 ; 首发急性心肌梗死 ; 主要不良心血管事件 ; 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术

Abstract

Objective ·To investigate the predictive value of systemic inflammatory index (SII) and somatization symptom score-China (SSS-CN) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with first-episode acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods ·Three hundred and five first-episode AMI patients who received PCI treatment at the Cardiology Department of Anhui Second People's Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were included in the study. Enrolled patients were divided into MACEs group (n=203) and non-MACEs group (n=102) based on whether MACEs events occurred during hospitalization. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the general data such as gender, age and laboratory test results of the two groups of patients, and binary Logistic regression test was conducted for statistically significant items according to the analysis results. According to the results, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further drawn to evaluate the value of SII and SSS-CN in predicting the occurrence of MACEs in hospital. On this basis, coronary syntax score (SS) was combined to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the three combinations, and the optimal cut-off value was determined according to the maximum Jordan index. Results ·A total of 203 patients had MACEs events, among whom 179 (88.1%) had heart failure, 16 (7.9%) had severe arrhythmia, 4 (2.0%) had shock, 2 (1.0%) had recurrent myocardial infarction, and 2 (1.0%) died. Compared with the non-MACEs group, the SII and SSS-CN scores in the MACEs group were significantly increased (1 925.86 vs 934.23, 38.57 vs 23.30; both P<0.05). The binary Logistic results suggested that both SII and SSS-CN were independent risk factors for the occurrence of MACEs. The ROC curve results showed that the prediction efficiency was the best when SII ≥ 952, with a sensitivity of 64.0% and a specificity of 62.7% (AUC 0.675, 95% CI 0.612‒0.737). The prediction efficiency was the best when SSS-CN ≥ 28.5, with a sensitivity of 80.7% and a specificity of 77.5% (AUC 0.840, 95% CI 0.794‒0.886). The predictive performance was further improved after combining the syntax score (AUC 0.898, 95% CI 0.862‒0.933). Conclusion ·The admission SII and SSS-CN scores of first-episode AMI patients are independent risk factors for the occurrence of MACEs during hospitalization after PCI. Early monitoring of SII changes in first-episode AMI patients after PCI or SSS-CN scores for patients with obvious Somatization symptoms can help identify high-risk patients for the occurrence of MACEs in the hospital.

Keywords: systemic immune inflammation index (SII) ; somatization symptom score-China (SSS-CN) ; first episode of acute myocardial infarction ; major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) ; percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

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郑梦奕, 毛家亮, 邹治国, 张瑞雷, 张厚, 李世光. 全身免疫炎症指数及躯体化症状评分对首发心梗PCI术后发生院内主要不良心血管事件的预测价值. 上海交通大学学报(医学版)[J], 2024, 44(3): 334-341 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.03.005

ZHENG Mengyi, MAO Jialiang, ZOU Zhiguo, ZHANG Ruilei, ZHANG Hou, LI Shiguang. Predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index and somatic symptom scale-China in the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events after first-episode of acute myocardial infarction undergoing PCI. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2024, 44(3): 334-341 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.03.005

近年来,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)成为威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一,是我国居民死亡首要病因1。在冠状动脉粥样硬化基础上出现心肌急性缺血缺氧,发生坏死,从而出现胸痛、心律失常乃至休克等一系列临床表现的急性综合征即为急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)。自GRUNTZIG等2于1977年率先使用经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗冠心病后,经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)成为AMI患者重要治疗手段。然而,受心肌坏死严重程度、患者基础情况等因素影响,成功施行PCI后部分患者住院期间仍可能发生包括再发AMI、恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克和全因死亡(all-cause mortality,ACM)等在内的主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular event,MACE)3。因此,准确识别MACE的发生是PCI术后治疗重点之一。

在冠心病发生和发展的过程中,炎症机制扮演不可忽略的角色4。新型炎症指标——全身免疫炎症指数(systemic immune inflammation index,SII)最早由HU等5在针对肝癌术后患者预后评估中提出,用于预测患者术后复发及死亡风险。SII作为一种综合性指标,具有低成本、易于测定及可重复性高等特点。有学者尝试将其引入心内科领域,研究6发现ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者不同时期MACE的发生和发展与该指标密切相关。WANG等7将SII用于晚期慢性心力衰竭伴肾功能障碍的预后评估,在随访中发现高SII组的ACM及MACE发生风险较低SII组分别增加了70.3%和58.3%。贺秀华等8在AMI患者PCI术后不良预后的研究中同样引入该指标,随访1年后发现SII是MACE发生的独立危险因素,在673.8的最佳cut-off值时,预测敏感度达89.7%,特异度达65%。另一方面,随着生物-心理-医学社会模式的发展,更多学者关注到心理因素对疾病的影响。第十版国际疾病分类将躯体化障碍作为新增单元引入,该类患者往往存在高水平焦虑或抑郁等躯体化症状,疼痛为其最常见症状,无力、心悸、头晕等心内科常见症状次之,更甚者可出现晕厥或意识丧失9。JIANG等10发现20%以上的AMI患者存在抑郁障碍;ROSENGREN等11研究表明17.9%的AMI患者存在不同程度压力状态;陈柄旭等12发现AMI患者躯体化症状阳性率可达22.7%,其中抑郁状态阳性率达20.0%,焦虑状态阳性率达9.3%;徐凤等13针对AMI行PCI术后患者的躯体化症状进行统计分析,发现PCI组躯体化症状阳性率显著高于非PCI组,常见表现包括精力减退(65.83%)、神经系统症状(63.33%)及睡眠问题(60.00%)。因此,本研究同时引入躯体症状自评量表(somatic symptom scale-China,SSS-CN),以期从躯体化症状角度探究心理因素对首发AMI患者预后的影响。

本研究拟通过对首发AMI患者的炎症指标及心理因素进行分析,探讨SII及SSS-CN与首发AMI患者接受PCI术后发生院内MACE的相关性;同时,联合syntax评分(syntax score,SS),探究各指标对首发AMI患者PCI术后发生院内MACE的预测效能。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

连续纳入2021年9月—2023年9月因首发AMI就诊于安徽省第二人民医院心内科接受PCI治疗的患者,共计322例。其中17例在进行问卷调查前已出现MACE相关事件,予以排除;最终共有305例纳入本研究,其中男性229例,女性76例。纳入标准:① 患者符合《急性心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南》14中的诊断标准,且为首发。② 发病12 h内入院,具备PCI指征。③ 临床资料完整。④ 患者及家属拥有良好沟通能力且签署知情同意书。排除标准:① 罹患恶性肿瘤、免疫性疾病或血液系统疾病者。② 全身或局部严重感染,无法控制者。③ 非AMI导致的伴有严重的重要器官功能障碍者。④ 有精神障碍性疾病病史者。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 资料收集

收集患者临床资料,包括性别、年龄、入院血压、糖尿病史、高脂血症史、卒中史、Killip分级、实验室检查结果、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)使用情况和术中所见冠状动脉狭窄情况等一般资料。于患者行PCI术前首次抽取静脉全血5 mL,使用迈瑞全自动流式血细胞计数仪进行血常规分析,行心肌损伤标志物等生化检查,并记录肌酸激酶(creatine kinase isoenzyme,CK)及其同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzyme MB,CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(troponin I,TnI)峰值、三酰甘油等检测结果。使用Excel计算SII(SII=中性粒细胞计数×血小板计数/淋巴细胞计数)和冠状动脉SS。观测患者住院期间MACE的发生情况,主要包括心源性休克、急性心力衰竭、再发心肌梗死、重大出血事件、恶性心律失常和心源性死亡等,并依据各不良事件诊断标准给出相应诊断。

1.2.2 问卷调查

本研究采用《在心血管科就诊患者的心理处方中国专家共识》15以及《综合医院焦虑、抑郁与躯体化症状诊断治疗的专家共识》16建议的用于识别躯体化症状的基本量表。患者行PCI后第7日查房时,由经培训的心内科医师对其进行现场调查及问卷填写。问卷内容含有躯体化症状因子9项、焦虑因子5项、抑郁因子4项以及焦虑抑郁因子2项,共20个项目,总分为80分。当患者SSS-CN≥36分,认为其躯体化症状阳性;当SSS-CN≥50分认为其有重度躯体化症状17

1.2.3 AMI诊断标准

AMI诊断参考《急性心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南》14中的诊断标准。至少满足以下4项中的2项可作出诊断:① 缺血性胸痛的临床病史。② 心电图的动态演变。③ 主要血清标志物TnI等动态改变。④ 影像学提示心肌活动异常或动脉造影提示血栓形成。

1.3 统计学分析

采用SPSS25.0软件进行统计分析,对2组数据进行t检验,分类数据以频率(%)表示。采用二元Logistic回归分析评估实验室数据、SSS-CN分值与患者是否发生MACE之间的关系,分析MACE的危险因素。绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线检验预测指标的识别能力。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般资料比较

连续纳入305例患者,年龄26~92岁,平均年龄63.4岁。203例(66.6%)住院期间发生MACE,其中179例(88.1%)发生心力衰竭,16例(7.9%)发生严重心律失常,4例(2.0%)发生休克,2例(1.0%)发生再发心肌梗死,2例(1.0%)死亡;躯体化症状阳性患者130例,重度患者36例。102例(33.4%)住院期间未观测到明显MACE,其中躯体化症状阳性患者13例,重度患者1例。

MACEs组(n=203)和非MACEs组(n=102)患者CK、CK-MB、高脂血症史、高血压史及左主干病变发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与非MACEs组相比,MACEs组患者年龄较大,女性患者比例较高,糖尿病及卒中发生率较高,中性粒细胞计数、SII、N末端B型脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-Pro BNP)、TnI、SS及SSS-CN和NE使用率偏高,患者冠状动脉多支病变更常见,Killip分级≥Ⅱ的频数较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。非MACEs组患者的淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数、入院血压高于MACEs组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。详见表1

表1   MACEs组与MACEs组患者临床资料比较

Tab 1  Comparison of clinical data between non-MACEs group and MACEs group

Clinical dataMACEs group (n=203)non-MACEs group (n=102)P value
Age/year68.13±19.9253.97±12.020.010
Female/n(%)63 (31.0)13 (12.8)0.000
Hospital stay/d11.78±5.369.11±2.270.010
SII/(×109·L-1)1 925.86±286.23934.23±45.960.010
SSS-CN38.57±11.7823.30±9.590.000
SS15.56±8.3612.07±6.070.000
Multiple vessel lesions/n(%)179 (88.2)67 (65.7)0.010
NT-Pro BNP/(ng·L-1)2 033.53±301.36358.49±149.840.000
TnI/(μg·L-1)42.46±76.5318.26±80.630.011
Killip rating≥Ⅱ/n(%)102 (50.2)20 (19.6)0.000
Neutrophil /(×109·L-1)7.94±3.476.76±2.830.002
Lymphocyte/(×109·L-1)1.52±0.981.77±0.790.027
Platelet/(×109·L-1)222.17±56.93245.23±75.560.039
Usage of NE/n(%)77 (37.9)4 (3.9)0.000
Admitted SBP/mmHg129.33±23.41136.83±23.900.040
Admitted DBP/mmHg79.81±15.7386.41±17.050.000
Diabetes/n(%)79 (38.9)26 (25.4)0.005
Apoplexy/n(%)46 (22.7)11 (10.8)0.002
Left main trunk/n(%)37 (18.2)15 (14.7)0.737
CK/(U·L-1)840.00±99.76706.00±119.520.405
CK-MB/(U·L-1)80.72±8.0379.10±13.430.912
Hypertension/n(%)141 (69.5)65 (63.7)0.066
Hyperlipidemia/n(%)43 (21.2)30 (29.4)0.209

Note: 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa.

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2.2 SIISSS-CN与院内MACE发生的关系

进一步对有统计学意义的项目进行回归检验,多因素二元Logisitic回归分析显示,SII及SSS-CN均为发生院内MACE的独立危险因素(OR=1.001,P<0.05;OR=1.138,P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,相比于SII 0.675的AUC值(P<0.05,95%CI 0.612~0.737),SSS-CN的AUC值更大,达0.840(P<0.05,95%CI 0.794~0.886)。用最大约登指数确定两者最佳cut-off值,其中SSS-CN评分为28.5分时,其预测发生院内MACE的敏感度(80.7%)和特异度(77.5%)达最大值。SII为952时,其预测发生院内MACE的敏感度(64.0%)和特异度(62.7%)达最大值。联合2项指标后,AUC值增大至0.875(P<0.05,95%CI 0.834~0.915),敏感度为73.4%,特异度为89.2%。结合一般资料分析,SII≥952时,患者年龄偏大,SS偏高,Killip分级≥Ⅱ级者更多;与SII<952的患者相比,此cut-off值以上的患者SSS-CN评分及NT-Pro BNP值更高,发生心力衰竭的可能性更大(P<0.05)。详见图1和表23

图1

图1   SIISSS-CN及两者联合ROC曲线

Fig 1   ROC curve results of SII, SSS-CN and their combination


表2   多因素二元Logistic回归分析结果

Tab 2  Results of multiple factor binary Logistic regression analysis

FactorMultivariate analysis
BSEWald χ2P valueOR (95% CI)
Age0.0430.0167.1140.0081.044 (1.012‒1.078)
Gender0.2080.5160.1620.6871.231 (0.448‒3.380)
SII0.0010.0014.6090.0321.001 (1.001‒1.002)
SSS-CN0.130.02041.3310.0001.138 (1.094‒1.184)
SS0.1030.03011.6280.0011.109 (1.045‒1.176)
Multiple vessel lesions0.3310.4590.5180.4721.392 (0.566‒3.423)
NT-Pro BNP0.0010.0005.0460.0251.001 (1.001‒1.002)
Diabetes-0.8020.2768.4320.0040.449 (0.261‒0.771)
Apoplexy1.0270.3727.6090.0062.792 (1.346‒5.792)
Admitted SBP-0.0010.0080.0260.8720.999 (0.984‒1.014)
Admitted DBP-0.0190.0112.8330.0920.981 (0.960‒1.003)
Usage of NE2.2170.54116.7940.0009.176 (3.179‒26.489)

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表3   SII患者与低SII患者临床资料比较

Tab 3  Comparison of clinical data between high SII patients and low SII patients

FactorSII<952 (n=137)SII≥952 (n=168)P value
Age/year61.74±4.1164.83±1.160.470
MACE/n(%)71 (51.8)128 (76.2)0.000
SSS-CN30.45±11.8335.92±13.810.000
SS10.73±6.3318.85±8.010.020
NT-Pro BNP/(ng·L-1)742.11±137.662 062.34±360.380.020
Killip rating≥Ⅱ/n(%)42 (30.7)80 (47.6)0.002

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2.3 SIISSS-CN联合SSMACE的预测价值

进一步将SII、SSS-CN与SS联合后进行分析,发现AUC值增高至0.898(P<0.05,95%CI 0.862~0.933),在0.696的最大约登指数时三者联合预测的敏感度达79.3%,特异度达90.2%。详见图2

图2

图2   SIISSS-CN联合SSROC曲线

Fig 2   ROC curve results of SII and SSS-CN combined SS


3 讨论

炎症反应贯穿于动脉粥样硬化的各个阶段,即使经过积极治疗后,炎症反应仍是不可忽略的重要危险因素之一18-20。如中性粒细胞作为AMI早期从血液迁移到受损心肌区的第一批白细胞21,其可通过分泌促炎细胞因子介导的蛋白水解酶引起血管损伤,还可通过释放氧自由基调节心肌电活动致心律失常。其与心肌梗死区域的扩大、心力衰竭的发展亦有关22。而高水平的淋巴细胞百分比则对PCI术后1年内患者发生MACE具有保护作用23,AMI后生理应激和皮质醇的大量释放则会导致淋巴细胞凋亡增加22。以上变化均可因中性粒细胞增加或淋巴细胞减少导致SII增高,故SII作为一种简便经济的炎症指标,与白细胞计数、降钙素原等标志物一起增加了描述炎症反应过程的适用性24-26,让临床工作者可以更高效地识别患者身上的炎症反应27。从心理因素分析,在心理疾病发展过程中大多以躯体化症状为前期不典型表现。AMI患者剧烈疼痛,高度紧张,因自身病情产生包含焦虑、抑郁在内的躯体化症状,又可通过引发机体自主神经功能紊乱导致儿茶酚胺升高,增加炎症因子表达,进一步加重血管内皮细胞损伤13。相关专家共识28指出,长期存在焦虑、抑郁等躯体化症状,可因下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能紊乱导致交感神经张力增高,引发血管收缩及血压升高,导致血管内皮细胞损伤进而激活巨噬细胞、T细胞,导致动脉粥样硬化。活化后的血小板又可通过参与血栓形成促进心血管疾病的发生和发展。未及时干预治疗或长期暴露于致病环境中,躯体化症状可进一步发展,最终演变成典型焦虑症、抑郁症等心理疾病。

本研究连续纳入305例患者,均因首发AMI入院行PCI术,在冠状动脉复通治疗后有203例于住院期间发生MACE。与非MACEs组相比,MACEs组年龄较大,女性患者比例较高,糖尿病及卒中发生率较高,SII、NT-Pro BNP、SS及SSS-CN评分偏高,患者冠状动脉多支病变更常见,Killip分级≥Ⅱ级者更多。而非MACEs组患者的淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数、入院血压较MACEs组偏高。在排除干扰因素后发现SII及SSS-CN评分均为患者发生院内MACE的独立危险因素,两者可能是评估AMI患者严重程度及预后的较好指标;在联合SS后,三者联合预测MACEs发生的准确率最高,AUC达0.898。

在冠状动脉病变过程中,血管内皮损伤促使局部炎症反应发生和发展,中性粒细胞、单核细胞等聚集在受损处并转化为巨噬细胞,促进动脉粥样硬化的发生。血小板同样在冠状动脉粥样硬化及斑块破裂中发挥重要作用。因此,SII作为综合性指标预测AMI及其预后比传统单一炎症指标更有说服力。本研究同时考虑了心理因素对患者转归的影响。由于急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)后患者出现较高抑郁率,美国心脏协会建议将抑郁纳入ACS患者死亡危险因素29。自“双心医学”概念提出后,1995年胡大一教授30开始探索并推动国内双心医学模式发展。研究者建议,应从整体角度及早识别心血管疾病合并精神心理障碍31。首次发生AMI患者不受既往病史所产生的心理负担影响,相对后者能更好地反映出躯体化症状评分对此疾病严重程度的评估效果,故本次研究对象仅局限于首发AMI患者。

由于本研究为单中心研究,且部分患者受教育程度不高,因此选择性偏倚无法完全避免。而且,本研究仅计算了患者入院首次SII,并未进行动态监测。后续可进行多中心、前瞻性研究,结合患者住院期间SII、SSS-CN数值的变化趋势进一步判断其是否可以作为AMI患者严重程度及预后的辅助评估方法。本研究只关注了SII和SSS-CN对AMI患者院内MACE的预测价值,对于远期预后的预测价值仍需要进一步探索。

综上所述,入院后对首发AMI患者及时计算SII,并在患者病情趋于稳定后对患者进行SSS-CN评分,能帮助临床医师及时识别首发AMI行PCI术后可能发生院内MACE的高危患者。在联合SS后,能更高效识别此类患者,并对此类患者采取包括抗炎、躯体化症状治疗、心理疏导等在内更为积极的治疗干预措施。

作者贡献声明

郑梦奕设计了该研究并撰写了论文初稿;张瑞雷和张厚参与了研究实施及数据整理;毛家亮、邹治国及李世光参与了论文修改。所有作者均阅读并同意了最终稿件的提交。

AUTHOR's CONTRIBUTIONS

ZHENG Mengyi designed the study and wrote the manuscript. ZHANG Ruilei and ZHANG Hou collected data and performed the statistical analysis. MAO Jialiang, ZOU Zhiguo, and LI Shiguang participated in the revision of the paper. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.

利益冲突声明

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

COMPETING INTERESTS

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

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