细胞膜包被纳米颗粒的制备及其在抗菌中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.07.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于感染微环境复杂的病理生理特点和细菌耐药性的发展，传统抗生素疗法面临的挑战日益增多。细胞膜包被的纳米颗粒（cell membrane coated nanoparticle，CMCNP）是近年来兴起的一种仿生材料，其制备方法简单，可通过物理手段直接将细胞膜囊泡包裹在纳米颗粒表面而获得。借助于细胞膜囊泡的生物学功能及纳米颗粒优越的物理化学特性，近年来CMCNP在靶向感染、中和细菌毒素及抗菌疫苗的开发方面展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，CMCNP在生物医学领域尚处于试验阶段，其临床应用的安全性、有效性有待进一步验证。

关键词: 纳米颗粒, 细胞膜包被, 仿生, 靶向感染, 中和毒素, 抗菌疫苗

Abstract:

Due to the complex pathophysiological characteristics of the infected microenvironment and the development of bacterial resistance, conventional antibiotic treatments are facing increasingly more clinical challenges. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticle (CMCNP) is a kind of biomimetic materials emerging in recent years which can be obtained by directly wrapping the membrane vesicles onto the nanoparticle cores through physical means. Recently, CMCNP has displayed a wide application prospect in the areas of targeting infected areas, neutralization of bacterial toxins and development of antibacterial vaccines with the help of biological functions of cell membrane vesicles and the superior physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. However, CMCNP is still at the experimental stage in the biomedical field, and its safety and effectiveness need to be further verified for clinical applications.

Key words: nanoparticle, cell membrane-coated nanoparticle (CMCNP), biomimetic, targeting infection, neutralization of toxin, antibacterial vaccine

中图分类号:

R318.08

石亭旺, 陈云丰. 细胞膜包被纳米颗粒的制备及其在抗菌中的应用[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2021, 41(7): 953-958.

Ting-wang SHI, Yun-feng CHEN. Preparation of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and its application to antimicrobial[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(7): 953-958.

图/表 3

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Category	Targeting infection	Neutralizing toxin	Vaccine development
Source of cell membrane	Red blood cell， macrophage， platelet， bacteria，neutrophil， gastric epithelial cell	Red blood cell， macrophage， platelet， genetically engineered cell	Red blood cell， bacteria
Core of CMCNP	GSNC， nanomotor， antibiotic-loading PLGA/gelatin/PCL-PEG	PLGA， hydrogel， Fe₃O₄	PLGA
Role of the core	Photothermic therapy， actuation， drug delivery	Stabilizing cell membrane	Stabilizing cell membrane
Antibacterial mechanism	Cell membrane targeting infection， core killing bacteria	Cell membrane adsorbing toxins	Cell membrane adsorbing toxins and stimulating immune response

Category	Targeting infection	Neutralizing toxin	Vaccine development
Source of cell membrane	Red blood cell， macrophage， platelet， bacteria，neutrophil， gastric epithelial cell	Red blood cell， macrophage， platelet， genetically engineered cell	Red blood cell， bacteria
Core of CMCNP	GSNC， nanomotor， antibiotic-loading PLGA/gelatin/PCL-PEG	PLGA， hydrogel， Fe₃O₄	PLGA
Role of the core	Photothermic therapy， actuation， drug delivery	Stabilizing cell membrane	Stabilizing cell membrane
Antibacterial mechanism	Cell membrane targeting infection， core killing bacteria	Cell membrane adsorbing toxins	Cell membrane adsorbing toxins and stimulating immune response

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