PD-1/PD-L1通路在自身免疫性眼病中作用的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自身免疫性眼病是一类由自身免疫反应引起的炎症性眼病，主要包括自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、甲状腺相关眼病、干燥综合征相关型干眼症、视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍等。这类疾病发病机制复杂，可累及眼表、眼内和眼眶。传统治疗方法主要包括糖皮质激素治疗和免疫抑制剂治疗，其有效率低且不良反应较大，因此需要对自身免疫性眼病发病机制做更加深入的研究以期寻找到治疗靶点进行对因治疗。程序性死亡蛋白-1（programmed death 1，PD-1）已被证实与许多自身免疫性疾病相关，它与程序性死亡蛋白配体1（programmed death ligand 1，PD-L1）组成的信号通路对于调节免疫反应起关键作用。PD-1/PD-L1通路的失活可能导致自身免疫性T细胞的异常活化，从而导致自身免疫性疾病的发生发展。该综述系统总结了现阶段已研究发现的PD-1/PD-L1通路的免疫调节机制，以及其在自身免疫性眼病中的作用，并对未来靶向治疗的潜在可能提出展望。

关键词: 自身免疫性眼病, 程序性死亡蛋白-1, 程序性死亡蛋白配体1, 自身免疫性葡萄膜炎, 甲状腺相关眼病, 干燥综合征, 视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍

Abstract:

Autoimmune eye diseases are a kind of inflammatory eye disease caused by autoimmune reaction, mainly including autoimmune uveitis, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, Sj?gren's syndrome-related ophthalmoxerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and so on. The pathogenesis of these diseases is complex, involving the ocular surface, intraocular and orbital lesions. Traditional treatment methods mainly include corticosteroids and immune inhibitors, which have low efficiency and many side effects. Therefore, more in-depth research on the pathogenesis of autoimmune eye diseases is needed in order to find therapeutic targets for the etiological treatment. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) has been confirmed to be associated with many autoimmune diseases, and PD-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway plays a key role in the regulation of immune responses. Inactivation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may lead to abnormal activation of autoimmune T cells, leading to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, the immune regulation mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway that has been discovered at the present stage, as well as its role in autoimmune ophthalmopathy, is systematically summarized, and the potential of targeted treatment of autoimmune eye diseases in the future is prospected.

Key words: autoimmune eye disease, programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), autoimmune uveitis, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, Sj?gren's syndrome, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

中图分类号:

杨辰玲, 周慧芳. PD-1/PD-L1通路在自身免疫性眼病中作用的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2022, 42(1): 107-112.

Chenling YANG, Huifang ZHOU. Research progress on the role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in autoimmune eye diseases[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2022, 42(1): 107-112.

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