睡眠时型与技术成瘾的关系及作用机制研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

数字化时代，互联网改变了人们的生活方式和昼夜节律，也带来了技术成瘾的全球性问题。众多研究表明睡眠时型与特定技术成瘾（如网络、手机、游戏和社交媒体）显著相关，这使得分析睡眠时型成为了探讨技术成瘾发生、发展和维持的新视角。睡眠时型包括清晨型、中间型和夜晚型，其中夜晚型是个体过度使用和依赖技术的风险因素。目前，有关睡眠时型与技术成瘾的研究多集中在两者的关系方面，鲜少有针对其内在作用机制的分析。基于此，该文从生理因素（如奖赏系统）、心理因素（如抑郁情绪）、个人因素（如性别、年龄、人格特质和睡眠模式）和环境因素（如父母教养风格）等多个角度进行探讨，并采用人-情绪-认知-执行交互模型和进化生命史理论从病因和进化的角度进行分析，对睡眠时型和技术成瘾的关系及其作用机制进行综述。

关键词: 睡眠时型, 技术成瘾, 奖赏系统, 人-情绪-认知-执行交互模型, 进化生命史理论

Abstract:

In the era of digitalization, the Internet has changed people's lifestyle and circadian rhythm, and has also brought the global problem of technology addiction. Many studies have shown that chronotype is significantly related to specific technology addiction (such as Internet, smartphones, video games and social media), which makes chronotype become a new perspective to explore the occurrence, development and maintenance of technology addiction. Individuals can be classified into three chronotypes: morning type (M-type), neither type (N-type) and evening type (E-type). Most studies showed that E-type was the risk factor in the onset and maintenance of problematic technology use. At present, most of the prior research focused on the relationship between chronotype and technology addiction, and there were few studies on the mechanism. Based on this situation, this paper discusses physiological factors (such as reward system), psychological factors (such as depression), individual factors (such as gender, age, personality traits and sleep patterns) and environmental factors (such as parental style), analyzes the relationship with Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model and life history theory from the perspectives of etiology and evolution, and reviews the relationship between chronotype and technology addiction and its mechanism.

Key words: chronotype, technology addiction, reword system, Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model, life history theory

中图分类号:

R749.6⁺9

吴玉婧, 郭茜, 刘晓华, 李冠军. 睡眠时型与技术成瘾的关系及作用机制研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2023, 43(4): 487-494.

WU Yujing, GUO Qian, LIU Xiaohua, LI Guanjun. Progress in relationship between chronotype and technology addiction and its mechanism[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2023, 43(4): 487-494.

图/表 1

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Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Measure		Comment (when individuals are more inclined to evening type)
Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Chronotype	Addiction
Internet addiction	LIN et al., 2013^[14]	2 731 college students (19.40±3.60; 52.4%)	MES	YBOCS-IU	↑ Compulsive Internet use
	RANDLER et al., 2014^[17]	616 college students (20.81±1.97; 27.9%)	CSM	IA Scale	↑ Internet addiction
	KANG et al., 2015^[13]	325 adults (20‒49; 48.9%)	MEQ	YIAS	↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	OH et al., 2016^[15]	2 632 college students (19.16±0.91; 48.9%)	CSM	KIAT	↑ Internet addiction
	XU et al., 2018^[19]	3 572 college students^① (freshmen and juniors; 34.5%)	MES	IAT	↑ Internet addiction ↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	CHUNG et al., 2020^[21]	765 adolescents (15.07±1.36; 60.9%)	MES	YIAS	No significant difference in Internet addiction between different chronotypes
	KOO et al., 2021^[18]	8 565 high-school students (16.77±0.85; 52.1%)	MEQ	IAPS	↑ Internet addiction
	PRZEPIORKA et al., 2021^[16]	398 college students (20.37±2.29; 28.9%)	CSM	IAT	↑ Problematic Internet use mental disorder ↑ Problematic Internet use time management disorder
	YI et al., 2021^[20]	7 457 college students^① [≤17 (15.1%), 18 (64.6%) and ≥19 (20.2%); 53.5%]	MEQ	IAT	↑ Internet addiction
Social media addiction	LIN et al., 2021^[25]	1 791 young adults (27.2±10.1; 30.1%)	rMEQ	BSMAS	↑ Problematic social media use
	BLACHNIO et al., 2015^[22]	633 Facebook users (20.78±4.80; 35.9%)	CSM	FBI Scale; FIQ	↑ Intensity and frequency of Facebook usage ↑ Facebook intrusion
	HORZUM et al., 2022^[24]	981 college students (20.82±2.39; 26.9%)	CSM	FAS	↑ Facebook addiction
Internet gaming addiction	VOLLMER et al., 2014^[31]	741 adolescents (12.89±1.05; 60.2%)	CSM	CGAS	↑ Computer game usage time ↑ Computer game addiction
	KÜÇÜKTURAN et al., 2022^[30]	922 high-school students (16.0±1.04; 42.7%)	CSM	CASfA	↑ Computer game addiction
	DAĞ et al., 2022^[29]	109 children (9.20±1.45; 49.5%)	CCTQ	CASfC	↑ Computer game addiction ↑ "Can not give up playing games" subscale scores ↑ "Neglecting responsibilities because of computer games" subscale scores
Smartphone addiction	TODA et al., 2015^[27]	182 college students (male: 21.70±2.60, female: 21.0±2.1; 67.0%)	MEQ	MPDQ	↑ Smartphone dependence
	RANDLER et al., 2016^[36]	342 younger adolescents (13.39±1.77; 51.5%); 208 older adolescents (17.07±4.28; 29.8%)	CSM	SAPS for younger adolescents; SAS-SV for older adolescents	↑ Smartphone addiction
	DEMIRHAN et al., 2016^[33]	902 college students (20.42±1.90; 27.0%)	CSM	MPPUS	↑ Problematic mobile phone usage
	RANDJELOVIC et al., 2021^[35]	77 college students^① (20‒22; both genders)	MEQ	SAS-SV	↑ Problematic smartphone use
	BAĞCI et al., 2022^[32]	346 college students (19.60±2.56; 32.7%)	CSM	SAS-SF	↑ Smartphone addiction
	KANG et al., 2020^[34]	Baseline: 940 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.8%) One-year follow-up: 902 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.5%)	rMEQ	MPIQ	↑ Mobile phone involvement ↑ Mobile phone addiction behaviors
	LI et al., 2022^[37]	999 college students (18.80±1.20; 37.7%)	MEQ	SQAPMPU	↑ Score trajectories of problematic mobile phone use

Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Measure		Comment (when individuals are more inclined to evening type)
Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Chronotype	Addiction
Internet addiction	LIN et al., 2013^[14]	2 731 college students (19.40±3.60; 52.4%)	MES	YBOCS-IU	↑ Compulsive Internet use
	RANDLER et al., 2014^[17]	616 college students (20.81±1.97; 27.9%)	CSM	IA Scale	↑ Internet addiction
	KANG et al., 2015^[13]	325 adults (20‒49; 48.9%)	MEQ	YIAS	↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	OH et al., 2016^[15]	2 632 college students (19.16±0.91; 48.9%)	CSM	KIAT	↑ Internet addiction
	XU et al., 2018^[19]	3 572 college students^① (freshmen and juniors; 34.5%)	MES	IAT	↑ Internet addiction ↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	CHUNG et al., 2020^[21]	765 adolescents (15.07±1.36; 60.9%)	MES	YIAS	No significant difference in Internet addiction between different chronotypes
	KOO et al., 2021^[18]	8 565 high-school students (16.77±0.85; 52.1%)	MEQ	IAPS	↑ Internet addiction
	PRZEPIORKA et al., 2021^[16]	398 college students (20.37±2.29; 28.9%)	CSM	IAT	↑ Problematic Internet use mental disorder ↑ Problematic Internet use time management disorder
	YI et al., 2021^[20]	7 457 college students^① [≤17 (15.1%), 18 (64.6%) and ≥19 (20.2%); 53.5%]	MEQ	IAT	↑ Internet addiction
Social media addiction	LIN et al., 2021^[25]	1 791 young adults (27.2±10.1; 30.1%)	rMEQ	BSMAS	↑ Problematic social media use
	BLACHNIO et al., 2015^[22]	633 Facebook users (20.78±4.80; 35.9%)	CSM	FBI Scale; FIQ	↑ Intensity and frequency of Facebook usage ↑ Facebook intrusion
	HORZUM et al., 2022^[24]	981 college students (20.82±2.39; 26.9%)	CSM	FAS	↑ Facebook addiction
Internet gaming addiction	VOLLMER et al., 2014^[31]	741 adolescents (12.89±1.05; 60.2%)	CSM	CGAS	↑ Computer game usage time ↑ Computer game addiction
	KÜÇÜKTURAN et al., 2022^[30]	922 high-school students (16.0±1.04; 42.7%)	CSM	CASfA	↑ Computer game addiction
	DAĞ et al., 2022^[29]	109 children (9.20±1.45; 49.5%)	CCTQ	CASfC	↑ Computer game addiction ↑ "Can not give up playing games" subscale scores ↑ "Neglecting responsibilities because of computer games" subscale scores
Smartphone addiction	TODA et al., 2015^[27]	182 college students (male: 21.70±2.60, female: 21.0±2.1; 67.0%)	MEQ	MPDQ	↑ Smartphone dependence
	RANDLER et al., 2016^[36]	342 younger adolescents (13.39±1.77; 51.5%); 208 older adolescents (17.07±4.28; 29.8%)	CSM	SAPS for younger adolescents; SAS-SV for older adolescents	↑ Smartphone addiction
	DEMIRHAN et al., 2016^[33]	902 college students (20.42±1.90; 27.0%)	CSM	MPPUS	↑ Problematic mobile phone usage
	RANDJELOVIC et al., 2021^[35]	77 college students^① (20‒22; both genders)	MEQ	SAS-SV	↑ Problematic smartphone use
	BAĞCI et al., 2022^[32]	346 college students (19.60±2.56; 32.7%)	CSM	SAS-SF	↑ Smartphone addiction
	KANG et al., 2020^[34]	Baseline: 940 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.8%) One-year follow-up: 902 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.5%)	rMEQ	MPIQ	↑ Mobile phone involvement ↑ Mobile phone addiction behaviors
	LI et al., 2022^[37]	999 college students (18.80±1.20; 37.7%)	MEQ	SQAPMPU	↑ Score trajectories of problematic mobile phone use