角膜神经密度-知觉-反射轴失衡在神经营养性角膜炎中作用的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.06.014

上海交通大学学报（医学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 810-814.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.06.014

• 综述 • 上一篇

角膜神经密度-知觉-反射轴失衡在神经营养性角膜炎中作用的研究进展

谢心怡, 刘汉轩, 倪可, 李瑾(), 黄筱琳()

上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科，上海市眼眶病眼肿瘤重点实验室，上海 200011

收稿日期:2025-11-16 接受日期:2026-02-28 出版日期:2026-06-28 发布日期:2026-06-29
通讯作者: 李瑾，主任医师，博士；电子信箱：abcd1971206@126.com
黄筱琳，副主任医师，博士；电子信箱：drmaureenhuang@163.com。
基金资助:
上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院临床研究项目(JYLJ202418);上海交通大学医学院大学生创新训练计划(20260041)

Research progress in role of corneal nerve density-sensation-reflex axis imbalance in neurotrophic keratitis

Xie Xinyi, Liu Hanxuan, Ni Ke, Li Jin(), Huang Xiaolin()

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China

Received:2025-11-16 Accepted:2026-02-28 Online:2026-06-28 Published:2026-06-29
Contact: Li Jin, E-mail: abcd1971206@126.com
Huang Xiaolin, E-mail: drmaureenhuang@163.com.
Supported by:
Clinical Research Program of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYLJ202418);College Student Innovation Training Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(20260041)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

角膜神经密度-知觉-反射轴对维持眼表生理功能的稳定十分重要，深入理解该轴功能是防治神经营养性角膜炎、保护视功能的关键。轴失衡的典型病理模型之一是神经营养性角膜炎，该病是由于三叉神经损伤导致角膜神经密度下降，角膜神经支配减少引起知觉减退，导致保护性瞬目反射障碍。该文综述该轴的解剖生理基础，总结神经密度下降影响轴功能的定量证据与分子机制的研究进展；同时，分析轴功能的评估方案，包括通过活体共聚焦显微镜量化神经参数、Cochet-Bonnet知觉计等检测角膜知觉，以及利用角膜反射试验评估眨眼功能。在治疗策略方面，该文归纳针对轴功能的干预方法，包括营养上皮恢复知觉以及角膜神经再支配，并展望针对轴功能恢复的新治疗方法及新治疗靶点等。

关键词: 三叉神经疾病, 角膜炎, 角膜营养不良, 角膜疾病

Abstract:

The corneal nerve density-sensation-reflex axis plays an important role in maintaining the physiological homeostasis of the ocular surface. An in-depth understanding of the function of this axis is essential for the prevention and treatment of neurotrophic keratitis and the protection of visual function. Neurotrophic keratitis is one of the typical pathological models of axis imbalance. It is caused by trigeminal nerve injury, which leads to a reduction in corneal nerve density and corneal innervation, resulting in decreased corneal sensation and impairment of the protective blink reflex. This article reviews the anatomical and physiological basis of this axis and summarizes the quantitative evidence and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of reduced nerve density on axis function. In addition, the assessment methods of axis function are discussed, including the quantification of corneal nerve parameters by in vivo confocal microscopy, the evaluation of corneal sensation using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and the assessment of blink function by the corneal reflex test. In terms of therapeutic strategies, this article summarizes interventions targeting axis function, including epithelial trophic support and sensory restoration as well as corneal reinnervation. Furthermore, potential novel therapeutic approaches and therapeutic targets for the restoration of axis function are discussed.

Key words: trigeminal nerve disease, keratitis, corneal dystrophy, corneal diseases

中图分类号:

R772

谢心怡, 刘汉轩, 倪可, 李瑾, 黄筱琳. 角膜神经密度-知觉-反射轴失衡在神经营养性角膜炎中作用的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2026, 46(6): 810-814.

Xie Xinyi, Liu Hanxuan, Ni Ke, Li Jin, Huang Xiaolin. Research progress in role of corneal nerve density-sensation-reflex axis imbalance in neurotrophic keratitis[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2026, 46(6): 810-814.

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角膜神经密度-知觉-反射轴失衡在神经营养性角膜炎中作用的研究进展

Research progress in role of corneal nerve density-sensation-reflex axis imbalance in neurotrophic keratitis

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