国内外医学技术学科发展现状的对比研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.12.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的·对比分析国内与国外的知名医学院校医学技术学科发展的现状。方法·通过对U.S. News全球最佳大学排名、ARWU世界大学学术排名，国内外医学院校网站、中国教育部网站的检索，以及专家访谈，梳理和总结国内外医学技术专业设置、招生条件和学位授予，以及学科实力3个方面的差异。结果·U.S. News本科教育阶段学科排名仅包含“放射学、核医学与医学影像学”1个与医学技术相关的学科方向，研究生教育阶段学科排名包含了“医学”下的“放射学”，以及“健康学”下的“听力学”“康复咨询”“语言病理学”“康复作业治疗”和“康复物理治疗”；ARWU世界大学学术排名有“医学技术”的学科排名，其下包含“医学实验技术”“神经影像”和“放射学、核医学与医学影像学”。国内的本科教育阶段医学技术相关专业包括“医学技术”下的13个专业以及“临床医学”下的3个专业；研究生教育阶段包括“医学”门类下的11个专业以及“理学”门类下的2个专业。专业招生条件和学位授予以康复学相关专业为例：国外开设的硕、博士研究生项目较多，招生条件较为宽松；国内对应的专业多集中在本科教育阶段，研究生教育阶段招生要求相关专业背景。在ARWU世界大学学术排行榜，中国内地“医学技术”学科排名前5名的院校国际排名为76~200名，在Q1区期刊和顶级期刊上发表论文的得分以及荣获国际权威奖项的得分均较低。结论·国内医学技术学科的国际排名与国外顶尖高校仍有一定差距；可从优化专业设置、调整专业学制及学位授予、加强科研实力等方面，助力中国医学技术的世界一流学科建设。

关键词: 医学技术, 专业设置, 专业学制, 学位授予, 学科排名

Abstract:

Objective·To compare and analyze the current situation of Medical Technology development in domestic and foreign famous medical schools.

Methods·By searching U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Rankings, Academic Rankings of World Universities (ARWU), and the websites of domestic and foreign medical schools and Ministry of Education of China, and interviewing the experts, this study summarized the differences of Medical Technology discipline in China and aboard in three aspects, i.e. major setting, enrollment conditions and academic degree granting, and disciplinary strength.

Results·In the U.S. News discipline rankings for undergraduate education, “Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging” was the only subject in the field of Medical Technology. As for the discipline rankings for graduate education, the subject category of “Medicine” included “Radiology”, and the subject category of “Health” contained several subjects related with Medical Technology, including “Audiology” “Rehabilitation Counseling” “Speech-Language Pathology” “Occupational Therapy” and “Physical Therapy”. In the ARWU, “Medical Technology” discipline contained “Medical Laboratory Technology”“Neuroimaging” and “Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging”. At the stage of undergraduate education in China, Medical Technology-related majors included 13 majors in the category of “Medical Technology” and 3 majors in the category of “Clinical Medicine”. At the stage of graduate education in China, Medical Technology-related majors included 11 majors in the category of “Medicine” and 2 majors in the category of “Natural Science”. Taking Rehabilitation-related majors as examples of enrollment condition and academic degree granting, there were many master's and doctoral programs abroad, and the enrollment conditions were flexible. However, the Rehabilitation-related majors in China concentrated on the undergraduate education; the graduate education enrollment required relevant professional background. In the ARWU, the top five universities in “Medical Technology” in Chinese mainland ranked 76?200 globally. The indicators of publications in the journals of Q1 range and in the top journals as well as the honours of prominent prizes were relatively low.

Conclusion·There is still a gap in the international rankings of Medical Technology discipline between domestic universities and the top universities abroad. The construction of world's first-class discipline of Medical Technology in China will be boosted by optimizing the major setting, adjusting the professional education system and academic degree granting, and strengthening the scientific research.

Key words: Medical Technology, major setting, professional education system, academic degree granting, discipline ranking

中图分类号:

R197.322

李冬凉, 张薇薇, 王甦平, 赖昱臣, 陶晔璇. 国内外医学技术学科发展现状的对比研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2021, 41(12): 1551-1556.

Dong-liang LI, Wei-wei ZHANG, Su-ping WANG, Yu-chen LAI, Ye-xuan TAO. Comparative study of Medical Technology development in China and abroad[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(12): 1551-1556.

图/表 2

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Classification of discipline	Degree type	Length of schooling/year
Clinical Medicine
Medical Imaging	Medicine	5
Ophthalmology and Optometry	Medicine	5
Radiation Medicine	Medicine	5
Medical Technology
Medical Diagnostic Technology	Natural science	4
Medical Laboratory Technology	Natural science	4
Medical Imaging Technology	Natural science	4
Optometry	Natural science	4
Rehabilitation Science	Natural science	4
Stomatology Technology	Natural science	4
Health Inspection and Quarantine	Natural science	4
Physical Therapy	Natural science	4
Occupational Therapy	Natural science	4
Biomedical Data Science	Natural science	4
Intelligent Imaging Engineering	Natural science	4
Audiology and Speech-Language Rehabilitation	Natural science	5 or 4
Intelligent Medical Engineering	Engineering	4

Classification of discipline	Degree type	Length of schooling/year
Clinical Medicine
Medical Imaging	Medicine	5
Ophthalmology and Optometry	Medicine	5
Radiation Medicine	Medicine	5
Medical Technology
Medical Diagnostic Technology	Natural science	4
Medical Laboratory Technology	Natural science	4
Medical Imaging Technology	Natural science	4
Optometry	Natural science	4
Rehabilitation Science	Natural science	4
Stomatology Technology	Natural science	4
Health Inspection and Quarantine	Natural science	4
Physical Therapy	Natural science	4
Occupational Therapy	Natural science	4
Biomedical Data Science	Natural science	4
Intelligent Imaging Engineering	Natural science	4
Audiology and Speech-Language Rehabilitation	Natural science	5 or 4
Intelligent Medical Engineering	Engineering	4

Institution	Global ranking of subject	Ranking of subject in Chinese mainland	Q1/score	CNCI/score	IC/score	Top/score	Award/score	Weighted score/score
Harvard University	1	‒	100	79.2	71.7	100	40.1	88.7
Stanford University	2	‒	62	81.3	69.7	80.1	100	75.7
Johns Hopkins University	3	‒	68.7	78	70.8	76.9	82.9	74.8
King's College London	4	‒	55.4	88	86.3	75.1	0	69.3
University of Oxford	5	‒	52.4	85.3	84.9	65.6	40.1	67.1
Tsinghua University	76‒100	1	26.5	62.2	71.9	45.8	0	43.8
Zhejiang University	101‒150	2	27.8	62.6	59.9	37.2	0	41.1
Southern Medical University	101‒150	3	26.6	69	59.5	28.8	0	40.1
Capital Medical University	151‒200	4	32.6	61	61.5	24.7	0	38.4
Huazhong University of Science and Technology	151‒200	5	25.9	64.5	63.4	24.7	0	37.6

Institution	Global ranking of subject	Ranking of subject in Chinese mainland	Q1/score	CNCI/score	IC/score	Top/score	Award/score	Weighted score/score
Harvard University	1	‒	100	79.2	71.7	100	40.1	88.7
Stanford University	2	‒	62	81.3	69.7	80.1	100	75.7
Johns Hopkins University	3	‒	68.7	78	70.8	76.9	82.9	74.8
King's College London	4	‒	55.4	88	86.3	75.1	0	69.3
University of Oxford	5	‒	52.4	85.3	84.9	65.6	40.1	67.1
Tsinghua University	76‒100	1	26.5	62.2	71.9	45.8	0	43.8
Zhejiang University	101‒150	2	27.8	62.6	59.9	37.2	0	41.1
Southern Medical University	101‒150	3	26.6	69	59.5	28.8	0	40.1
Capital Medical University	151‒200	4	32.6	61	61.5	24.7	0	38.4
Huazhong University of Science and Technology	151‒200	5	25.9	64.5	63.4	24.7	0	37.6