目的 了解重庆市贫困地区人群的营养健康状况。方法 采用与人口成比例抽样(PPS)，对重庆某贫困地区家庭进行抽样问卷调查和医学检查及实验室检查。结果 重庆市贫困地区成年居民营养不良率、超重率和肥胖率分别为5.37%、22.07%和6.59%，儿童青少年营养不良率、超重率和肥胖率较高，分别为11.06%、8.94%和7.66%；营养相关疾病患病率较高，贫血患病率为6.90%；高血压患病率20.67%；糖尿病和空腹血糖受损患病率分别为8.92%与4.11%，均高于2002年全国居民患病率。结论 重庆市贫困地区的营养健康状况不容忽视，儿童青少年超重和肥胖问题、老年人健康问题和营养相关慢性疾病将是今后面临的重要公共卫生问题。

Objective To assess the nutrition and health status of residents in poor areas of Chongqing, China. Methods Probability proportional sampling (PPS) method was used. Each sampling household was asked with questionnaires and given medical examinations and laboratory tests. Results In poor areas of Chongqing, the adult residents malnutrition, overweight, and obesity rates were 5.37%, 22.07% and 6.59%, respectively. Malnutrition, overweight, and obesity rates in children and adolescents were came to a high level for 11.06%, 8.94%, and 7.66%, respectively. Nutrition-related diseases prevalence stood a high level with anemia prevalence of 6.90%, hypertension prevalence of 20.67%, diabetes and impaired fasting glucose prevalence of 8.92% and 4.11%, respectively, which were all higher than the prevalences of the Chinese population in 2002. Conclusion The nutrition and health status in poor areas of Chongqing are urgent. The problem of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents and the elderly nutrition-related health problems and chronic diseases will be an important public health problem in the future.