抑郁症是现代社会一类常见且严重的情感障碍疾病，其进展后期常伴随有自杀意念及自杀行为，给社会、家庭带来沉重负担。抗抑郁药物治疗对一部分重度抑郁症患者无明显疗效，这一类抑郁症又称为耐药性抑郁症 (treatment resistant depression，TRD)。有研究报道了氯胺酮的快速及长效的抗抑郁作用，对 TRD亦有明显的治疗效果。大麻中的主要活性物质 Δ 9-四氢大麻酚也可通过作用于脑内大麻素受体发挥快速抗抑郁作用，这 2种中枢神经兴奋剂都具有明显的不良反应，属于严格管控的精神活性物质。该文结合近年来相关研究就氯胺酮及内源性大麻素系统快速抗抑郁作用作一综述。

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a common but serious affective disorder in modern society. Suicide idea and suicide behaviour inducedMDD during its later stage put a heavy burden on society and family. Anti-depression drugs lack efficiency in treating a portion of MDD patients. This is referred to as treatment resistant depression (TRD). A study reported the rapid onset and long lasting anti-depression effect of ketamine, which also come into effect in TRD patients. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol is the active substance of marijuana, which also exerts rapid anti-depression effect via targeting at brain cannabinoid receptors. The two central nerve system stimulants belonging to the tightly controlled psychoactive substances have obvious adverse effects. This article summarizes the action of ketamine and endocannabinoid system in rapid anti-depression therapy in recent researches. [Key words]ketamine; endocannabinoid system; major depression disorder; Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC); brain derived neurontrophic factor (BDNF); mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway; N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor