目的 ·在体外培养的原代鼻息肉组织中检测探讨 TGF-β1/Samds信号通路在鼻息肉组织重构中的作用。方法 ·筛选慢性鼻 鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（ CRSwNP）和慢性鼻 -鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉（ CRSsNP）各 15例，对照组为单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者 10例。在术中收集鼻黏膜或鼻息肉组织，通过免疫组织化学染色（ SP法）检测组织中蛋白表达水平及分布；通过马松（ Masson）染色法检测胶原表达差异；通过实时荧光定量 PCR法（qRT-PCR）检测 mRNA表达水平， Western blotting检测蛋白质表达水平。体外培养 15例鼻息肉组织，用转化生长因子 β1（transforming growth factor-β1，TGF-β1）进行刺激，使用 qRT-PCR、Western blotting和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分别检测 mRNA、蛋白和上清胶原表达情况。结果 ·与 CRSsNP组相比， CRSwNP组中 TGF-β1、Smad2/3的蛋白和 mRNA表达均降低（均 P<0.05）。在所有 CRS中，TGF-β1与 pSmad2/3的蛋白表达呈正相关（ r0.991，P<0.01），与 Smad2、Smad3 mRNA表达均呈正相关（ r0.581，r0.658，均 P<0.01），与胶原表达呈正相关（ r0.982，P<0.01）。在体外培养的鼻息肉中， TGF-β1能促进 pSmad2/3、Smad2、Smad3和胶原的表达。结论 · TGF-β1/Smads通路在 CRSwNP的组织重构中有重要作用，可能是鼻息肉胶原减少、组织水肿的重要原因之一。

Objective · To further explore the role of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in the tissue remodeling process of cultured nasal polyps in vitro. Methods · Fifteen cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and 15 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) were screened out, and the control group was 10 patients with deviation of nasal septum. The location and of proteins in tissues were analyzedimmunohistochemistry. The and distribution of collagen were detectedusing the method of Masson trichrome staining. The levels of mRNA and protein were detectedquantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. Nasal polyps were treated ex vivoTGF-β1 (n15). The levels of mRNA and protein in culture pellets and collagen in culture supernatant were analyzedqRT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA respectively. Results · The TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in the CRSwNP group compared with the CRSsNP group (all P<0.05). TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 protein level showed positive correlation in CRS (r0.991, P<0.01), so was TGF-β1 and Smad2, Smad3 mRNA levels (r0.581, r0.658, both P<0.01). TGF-β1 had positive correlation with collagen in CRS (r0.982, P<0.01). Compared with the controls ex vivo, the levels of Smad2, Smad3, pSmad2/3 and collagen were markedly increased after TGF-β1 treatment. Conclusion · TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway may play an important role in tissue remodeling of CRSwNP, and cacollagen reduction and edematous mucous membrane in nasal polyps.