神经性厌食症（anorexia nervosa, AN）是以低体质量和体象障碍为主要特点的进食障碍。AN的发病机制十分复杂，可能与大脑结构改变有关。近年来，脑影像技术的发展，使得通过磁共振成像探索AN患者大脑结构与临床症状的关系成为可能。该文回顾了近年来有关AN磁共振弥散张量成像的研究，对AN患者和AN康复后个体的脑白质变化进行了介绍。发现AN患者的边缘系统、丘脑、下丘脑、小脑等区域发生白质结构损伤，AN康复后个体的岛叶等脑区出现白质改变。但这些研究结果存在不一致之处，提示未来需要大样本、严格控制的研究，为AN的病理生理机制和临床干预提供证据和指导。

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterizedlow body mass and body image disturbance. The pathogenesis of AN is complex, which may be related to alterations in brain structures. In recent years, with the development of brain imaging technology, it is possible to explore the relationship between brain structure and clinical symptoms in patients with AN through magnetic resonance imaging. This paper reviewed the studies on the diffusion tensor imaging of AN in recent years, and introduced the alterations of white matter in the brain of AN patients and individuals recovered AN. It was found that AN patients had structural damage of white matter in the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and other brain areas, and the individuals rehabilitated AN had white matter alterations in insula and other brain areas. But there exists an inconsistency among the research results. Well-controlled studies with large sample size are needed in the future to provide theoretical foundation and instruction for the pathophysiological mechanism and clinical intervention of AN.