目的·建立表达程序性死亡配体1（programmed death-ligand 1，PD-L1）的人源化免疫肺癌动物模型，并研究该模型在评估程序性死亡受体1（programmed death-1，PD-1）抑制剂疗效中的作用。方法·取晚期非小细胞肺癌患者新鲜的活检组织样本，或恶性胸腔积液中的肿瘤细胞，接种至CB17-SCID小鼠（重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠）皮下，建立患者来源异种移植物模型（patient-derived xenograft model，PDX模型），通过免疫组织化学法检测PDX模型肿瘤PD-L1的表达情况。将成熟的人外周血单个核细胞与PDX模型肿瘤细胞混合后接种NCG小鼠（高度免疫缺陷小鼠），建立人源化免疫的肺癌PDX模型，并在该模型上验证PD-1抑制剂的疗效。结果·在16个临床来源样本建立的PDX模型中，有2个PD-L1表达为强阳性，4个表达为阳性，其余均为阴性。在PD-L1强阳性的人源化免疫肺癌PDX模型中，PD-1抑制剂信迪利单抗在初次给药后21 d的肿瘤生长抑制率为82.6%；在PD-L1阴性的人源化免疫肺癌PDX模型中，PD-1抑制剂未显示出抗肿瘤活性。结论·成功建立了表达PD-L1的人源化免疫肺癌小鼠模型，且能在该模型上评估PD-1抑制剂的疗效。

Objective · To establish a lung cancer momodel with humanized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and study the role of the model in evaluating the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Methods · Fresh biopsy tissue samples or tumor cells in malignant pleural effusion the patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were inoculated subcutaneously in CB17-SCID mice to establish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The of PD-L1 in PDX models was detectedimmunohistochemistry. The mature human PBMC and PDX model tumor cells were mixed and then inoculated into NCG mice to establish a PDX model of lung cancer with humanized immunity, on which the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor was verified. Results · Among the PDX models established16 clinical samples, 2 were strongly positive for PD-L1, 4 were positive, and the rest were negative. In the PDX model with strongly positive PD-L1, the tumor growth inhibition rate of cindilimab, an inhibitor of PD-1, was 82.6%, 21 days after the initial administration; in the PDX model with negative PD-L1, the inhibitor of PD-1 showed no antitumor activity. Conclusion · A PD-L1-expressing lung cancer momodel with humanized immunity is successfully established and the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor can be evaluated on the model.