程序性死亡-1（programmed death-1，PD-1）受体及其配体程序性死亡-配体1 (programmed death-ligand 1，PD-L1) 作为T细胞免疫反应过程中的一对协同刺激分子，通过负性调节T淋巴细胞发挥免疫抑制作用。阻断PD-1/PD-L1信号通路已成为肿瘤治疗研究的热点。三阴性乳腺癌（triple-negative breast cancer，TNBC）预后不良、缺乏有效治疗靶点，以PD-1/PD-L1为代表的免疫治疗策略在TNBC中具有广阔的研究和应用前景。其中，抗PD-1和抗PD-L1单克隆抗体的临床研究为转移性TNBC的治疗带来了突破。目前，多个抗PD-1和PD-L1的单克隆抗体及其与其他疗法的联合方案用于治疗TNBC的临床试验正在进行中。该文着重概述目前PD-1/PD-L1在TNBC预后预测和治疗中应用的研究进展，旨在为基础或临床研究提供理论基础。

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a pair of T cell immune response co-stimulatory molecules play a negative role in adoptive immunityinhibiting T lymphocyte function. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway has been a hot spot of research and treatment of cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and there is no approved targeted therapy. Immunotherapy representedPD-1/PD-L1 blockers, is getting widely studied due to the medical potential of therapy for TNBC. Thereinto, the clinical researches of the monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1 have brought a promising future for the treatment of metastatic TNBC. Currently, there are several trials with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and their combination with other therapies in salvage, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant settings on going. In this article, the authors review the current studies about potential value of PD-1/PD-L1 in prognosis, prediction, and treatment in TNBC, intending to cast insight on future basic and clinical studies.