N6- 甲基腺苷（N6-methyladenosine，m6A）甲基化修饰是真核生物mRNA最常见的一种表观遗传修饰方式。该方式不仅能够在相关酶的催化调控下介导RNA剪接、翻译、衰变等多种RNA代谢过程，还可以通过调节骨髓造血微环境中的多能干细胞的自我更新、增殖与分化来影响骨髓造血过程。近年来，诸多研究表明m6A甲基化修饰在血液系统恶性肿瘤的发生与发展中发挥了重要作用，靶向抑制m6A相关因子有助于增加血液系统恶性疾病患者对治疗药物的敏感性。该文就m6A甲基化修饰的生物学特征、造血调控功能以及其在血液系统恶性肿瘤中的作用进行综述。

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been identified as the most common epigenetic modification of eukaryote mRNA. It can not only mediate multiple processes of RNA metabolism such as RNA splicing, translation and decay under the catalytic regulation of m6A-related enzymes, but also affect the development of bone marrow hematopoiesisregulating the self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment of bone marrow. In recent years, many studies have reported that m6A methylation modification plays an important role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. Targeting inhibition of m6A-related factors contributes to increase the sensitivity of patients with hematological malignancies to therapeutic drugs. This review describes the biological characteristics and hematopoietic regulation mechanisms of m6A methylation modification, and its role in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies.