胆汁酸是肝脏中胆固醇降解的主要产物，主要功能是促进肠道脂质吸收和运输。人体各组织器官中广泛分布着不同的胆汁酸受体，主要包括法尼醇X受体和G蛋白偶联受体。这2种受体因特异表达的脏器所感应胆汁酸成分及细胞内激发下游信号的不同，各自介导了胆汁酸的多种生物学功能，包括胆汁酸自身的合成和运输、免疫调控以及糖脂代谢。研究发现，胆汁酸池的组分及容量受宿主和肠道菌群的双重影响。因此，胆汁酸信号可能是宿主和肠道共生菌群相互“对话”的重要途径，协调机体代谢稳态和肠道菌群生态平衡。文章对胆汁酸调节领域的研究进展和胆汁酸信号通路维持代谢稳态的相关机制进行综述。

Bile acids are the main products of the cholesterol degradation in the liver. They promote the absorption and transportation of the intestinal lipids. Diverse bile acid receptors are widely distributed in human tissues and organs, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein receptor (TGR5). The expression pattern of different bile acid receptors and their different affinities to various bile acids as their ligands determines their pleiotropic downstream effects, including regulating bile acid synthesis and transportation, immune and metabolism homeostasis. In addition, the bile acid pool includes components derived from both host and gut microbiota, which collaboratively contribute to the bile acid signaling activation in different compartments. Therefore, bile acid pool represents an information hub allowing the crosstalk between the host and gut microbiome and hereby modulating host metabolic homeostasis and gut microbiome symbiosis. This article reviews the recent advances in the field of bile acid regulation and the related mechanisms of bile acid signaling pathway to maintain metabolic homeostasis.