受体酪氨酸激酶（receptor tyrosine kinases，RTKs）控制着细胞的基本活动，包括增殖、周期控制、凋亡、代谢等。相应地，RTKs基因突变导致的异常激活在肿瘤的发生、发展中起重要作用。近年来，针对RTKs研发的受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors，rTKI）研究进展迅速并已在多种类型肿瘤的临床治疗中取得了良好的效果，如慢性粒细胞白血病、非小细胞肺癌和乳腺癌等。急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）中， Fms样酪氨酸激酶3（Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3，FLT3)抑制剂的临床应用显著改善了FLT3突变患者的预后，对AML的治疗具有重要意义。文章主要介绍rTKI在AML治疗中的临床应用现状，为AML治疗提供参考。

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control the basic activities of cells including proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism and so on. Accordingly, abnormal activation caused by mutations of RTKs plays an important part in the formation and development of tumor. For the past few years, the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (rTKI) developed for RTKs have progressed rapidly and achieved good results in clinical treatment in various tumor types, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer and so on. As for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), approval and clinical application of inhibitors against Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) significantly improve prognosis in patients with FLT3 mutations, which is vital for the treatment of AML. The clinical application of rTKI to AML is summarized in this review, providing a reference for the treatment of AML.