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28 November 2014, Volume 34 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Original article (Basic research)
Original article (Clinical research)
Original article (Preventive medicine)
Original article (Public health administration)
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A collaborative study led by CHEN Sai-juan and JIA Wei yields novel findings on the metabolomic research of acute myeloid leukemia 2014, 34 (11):  1560.  Abstract ( 875 )   PDF (2572KB) ( 1268 )   Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Basic research)

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Inhibitory effect of shionone on activity of ubiquitin-specific protease 2 XIE Wen-juan, QIN Dong-jun, ZHANG Jian, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1563.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.001 Abstract ( 705 )   PDF (568KB) ( 1061 )   Objective To identify new ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) inhibitors from natural compounds. Methods The Ub-CHOP-Reporter Kit was used to screen USP2 inhibitors. NB4 cells were treated by shionone (SH) of 100 μmol/L for different periods of time. Variations of the expression of USP2 targeted protein Cyclin D1 were detected by the Western blotting. The distribution of cell cycle was detected by the flow cytometry and molecular docking was used to analyze the binding of SH and USP2. Results The results of screening in vitro showed that SH inhibited the activity of USP2 with the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 69 μmol/L. The results of Western blotting indicated that SH led to the decrease of Cyclin D1 expression. The results of flow cytometry showed that typical apoptotic peak (Sub-G1 peak) appeared and cells in S and G2/M phases decreased after being treated by SH for 48 h. The results of molecular docking indicated that the oxygen atom and skeleton core of SH and K503, W439, R363, and D440 of USP2 were essential for the binding of SH and USP2. Conclusion SH can inhibit the activity of USP2 and provide a lead compound for future development of new USP2 inhibitors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of fractions of adipose tissue on fibrogenesis during wound healing YUAN Bo, HUAN Jing-ning 2014, 34 (11):  1568.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.002 Abstract ( 690 )   PDF (817KB) ( 1217 )   Objective To explore the effects of fractions of adipose tissue on the fibrogenesis during wound healing and their possible mechanisms. Methods The models of incised wounds of the dermal tissue and adipose tissue were established in the same animal. The characteristics of fibrogenesis of the adipose tissue during wound healing were determined by the histological examination. Mature adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) were separated from the adipose tissue in vitro and the effects of two fractions on the proliferation and collagen production of dermal fibroblasts were observed. Results Compared to the dermal tissue, the extent of fibrogenesis of the adipose tissue was lesser. Mature adipocytes promoted the necrosis or apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts and SVF of the adipose tissue promoted dermal fibroblasts to secrete type I collagen. Conclusion Mature adipocytes and SVF in the adipose tissue influence the proliferation and collagen production of fibroblasts. This may be one of cytological mechanisms that can account for the characteristics of fibrogenesis of adipose tissue after being injured. Related Articles | Metrics

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Activation of cAMP signaling for regulating phosphorylation of ERM and expression of CLIC5 of podocytes CHEN Xiao-huan, AYIJIAKEN Kasmumali, TAO Hua, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1574.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.003 Abstract ( 747 )   PDF (1238KB) ( 1030 )   Objective To investigate the effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signal of podocytes on expressions of podocyte marker protein Podocalyxin, chloride intracellular channel protein 5 (CLIC5), and relevant ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM). Methods The adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis mouse model was established and some mice were treated by adenylate cyclase activator Forskolin (the ADR group and ADR+Forskolin group). Urinary protein levels were detected by the coomasie blue staining. The width of foot processes was observed under the electron microscope. The expressions of phosphorylated ERM (P-ERM), CLIC5, and Podocalyxin of podocytes were detected by the immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Results Compared to the ADR group, the urinary albumin level of the ADR+Forskolin group was significantly lower and the width of foot processes was significantly smaller (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that compared to the ADR group, expressions and colocalization of P-ERM, Podocalyxin, and CLIC5 protein of podocytes of the ADR+Forskolin group significantly increased. The results of Western blotting showed that expressions of P-ERM and CLIC5 of podocytes significantly decreased after being cultured by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) for 72h in vitro (P<0.01). Pretreatment by Epac signal agonist 2Me-cAMP could prevent the low expression of P-ERM of podocytes induced by PAN, while pretreatment by PKA signal agonist pCPT-cAMP could prevent the low expression of CLIC5 induced by PAN. Conclusion Forskolin can alleviate albuminurine, widening of foot process, and low expression of Podocalyxin/ CLIC5/ERM protein complex of mice with nephrosis. And cAMP can prevent PAN-induced low expressions of CLIC5 and P-ERM through PKA and Epac signaling pathways, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of silencing CacyBP/SIP gene on apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 WANG Yan, LIAN Bin, Lü Ye, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1581.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.004 Abstract ( 689 )   PDF (531KB) ( 1380 )   Objective To observe the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing CacyBP/SIP gene on the apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods Chemically synthesized siRNAs targeting CacyBP/SIP (CacyBP/SIP siRNA) was transfected to MDA-MB-231 cells by LipofectAMINTM2000 (CacyBP/SIP siRNA group). The proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by the MTT assay. The apoptosis rate was detected by the flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Capase-3 were detected by the Realtime PCR and Western blotting respectively. Besides, the negative control group and blank control group were also established. Results Compared to the negative control group and blank control group, the proliferation rate of MDA-MB-231 cells of the CacyBP/SIP siRNA group significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate significantly increased (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax significantly increased (P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Targeted silencing CacyBP/SIP gene of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and induces apoptosis. The mechanism of inducing apoptosis may be relevant to the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Caspase-3 and Bax. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and biologic effects of microRNA-375 in triple negative breast cancer YANG Chen, YU Pei, LI Ji-yu, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1586.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.005 Abstract ( 910 )   PDF (282KB) ( 1113 )   Objective To investigate the expression and biologic effects of microRNA-375 (miRNA-375) of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods The expression of miRNA-375 of tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissues of 62 patients with TNBC was detected by the Real-time PCR. The relationship of the expression of miRNA-375 and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The expressions of miRNA-375 in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and breast fibroadenoma cell line MCF-10A were detected. The miRNA-375 precursor molecule was transfected to MDA-MB-231. The variations of the proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB-231 were detected by CCK-8 kit and Transwell test. Results The expression of miRNA-375 of TNBC tissue was significantly lower than that of adjacent normal tissue (P<0.001) and was relevant to the tumor size and axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). Compared to MCF-10A, the expression of miRNA-375 in MDA-MB-231 significantly decreased (P=0.021). After being transfected by the miRNA-375 precursor, the expression of miRNA-375 in MDA-MB-231 significantly increased and the proliferation and invasion abilities decreased. Conclusion The expression of miRNA-375 in TNBC tissue and MDA-MB-231 is down-regulated. And miRNA-375 can inhibit the carcinogenesis and development of TNBC to a certain extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on acellular artificial dermis loaded with nanoparticles containing optimized ratio of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-1 for repairing skin wounds of mice LIU Cheng, XIONG Qing-hua, FU Jin-song, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1590.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.10.006 Abstract ( 628 )   PDF (349KB) ( 1103 )   Objective To construct the acellular artificial dermis loaded with nanoparticles that contain different ratios of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) for repairing skin wounds of nude mice and to explore the best ratio of PDGF-BB and IGF-1 for repairing skin wounds. Methods Sustained released nanoparticles were made by enveloping different ratios of PDGF-BB and IGF-1 with polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA) and then were combined with acellular artificial dermis. Nanoparticle loaded acellular artificial dermis was transplanted to the wound model of nude mice. Effects of nanoparticle loaded acellular artificial dermis of groups with different mass ratio of PDGF-BB and IGF-1 (1∶4, 1∶2, 1∶1, 2∶1, and 4∶1)(n=5) on healing mice skin wounds were observed by recording the wound healing speed and the average healing time and by detecting the protein expressions of α-SMA and IL-2 in local tissues. In addition, the blank control group was also established. Results When the mass ratio of PDGF-BB and IGF-1 of nanoparticle loaded acellular artificial dermis was 2:1, the wound healing speed was faster than that of the blank control group and groups with other mass ratios (P<0.05); the average healing time was shorter (P<0.05); and the protein expressions of α-SMA and IL-2 in local tissues were higher (P<0.05). Conclusion When acellular artificial dermis loaded with nanoparticles that contain PDGF-BB and IGF-1 is used for skin wound healing, the best ratio of PDGF-BB and IGF-1 is 2∶1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on two calcium oxalate calculus models of rats BA Yuan-ming, CAO Qiu-shi 2014, 34 (11):  1595.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.007 Abstract ( 945 )   PDF (489KB) ( 1373 )   Objective To compare the renal pathological changes and functional impairments of rats of the calcium oxalate calculus model established by the ethylene glycol (EG) method and ammonium oxalate (AmOx) method and to explore the selection and application of two calcium oxalate calculus models. Methods A total of 36 SPF level healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, EG group, and AmOx group (n=12). Each rat of the EG group was intragastrically administered 2% ammonium chloride(AC) of 2 mL per day and was administered 1% EG for free drink. Rats of the AmOx group were fed by forage with 5% AmOx. After models were established, levels of serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, 24 h urinary oxalate were detected. The paraffin kidney sections were observed under the microscope for calcium oxalate deposit and pathological changes. Results The levels of urinary oxalate, calcium, and phosphorus of the EG group and AmOx group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Effects of both calcium oxalate calculus models established by two methods were remarkable and stable, whereas renal pathological changes and functional impairments of rats were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to the model established by EG method, the model established by AmOx method can cause severer renal pathological changes and functional impairment of rats and is more suitable for studying renal functional impairment due to nephrolithiasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on molecular mechanism of expression of MMP-13 in lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoblast MC3T3-E1 CAI Shu-na, XIAO Zhi-li 2014, 34 (11):  1599.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.008 Abstract ( 773 )   PDF (679KB) ( 1269 )   Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13) in mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and their molecular mechanism. Methods The osteoblast MC3T3-E1 of subculture mouse was treated by LPS. Expressions of MMP-13 and transcription factor C/EBPβ, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its inhibitory protein IκB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by the Western blotting. The effects of specific inhibitor Bay11-7082 of NF-κB and expressions of specific siRNA silencing C/EBPβ, TNF-α, and IL-6 on the expression of MMP-13 in MC3T3-E1 cells were observed. Results The results of Western blotting showed that LPS induced high level expression of MMP-13 in MC3T3-E1 cells, promoted the expression and activation of NF-κB, C/EBPβ, and IL-6, and inhibited the expression of IκB. Expressions of TNF-α and MMP-13 in MC3T3-E1 cells could be effectively inhibited by Bay11-7082 and siRNA silencing TNF-α. While the siRNA silencing C/EBPβ and the expression of IL-6 did not significantly influence the expression of MMP-13 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion LPS can induce high level expression of MMP-13 in osteoblast MC3T3-E1 by NF-κB/TNF-α, which helps clarifying the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of long-term therapeutic effects of children with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia of multiple medical centers and the follow-up report TANG Meng-jie,YUAN Xiao-jun, TANG Jing-yan, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1605.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.009 Abstract ( 705 )   PDF (562KB) ( 1207 )   Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of ALL-2005 protocol on children with T lymphocyte acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Methods Clinical data of 53 patients with T-ALL from five Children's Medical Centers of Hematology/Oncology between 1st May 2005 and 30th September 2009 were selected and treated by the ALL-2005 protocol. All patients underwent the chemotherapy of different dose intensity according to their risk levels (medium risk or high risk). The remission rate of induction, complications relevant to the treatment, and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. Factors influencing the prognosis of T-ALL were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results Among 52 patients (excluding one patient who died of disseminated intravascular coagulation two days after diagnosis), 44 of them were males and 8 were females. The median age of diagnosis was 8.1 years old and 16 cases (19.2%) were over 10 years old. The white blood cell count of 35 patients (67.3%) was higher than or equal to 50×109/L. The remission rate of induction was 88.5% on the 35th day after treatment. Seven cases (13.5%) relapsed and the median relapse time was 8.3 months. Among 7 cases, 4 cases suffered from bone marrow relapse and 3 cases suffered from central nervous system relapse. The median follow-up time was 62.0 months. The 8-year overall survival rates of all patients, medium risk group, and high risk group were (82.6±5.2)%, (91.1±3.2)% and (51.5±13.7)%. The difference of two groups was statistically significant (P<0.000 1). The 8-year event-free survival rates of all patients, medium risk group, and high risk group were (68.4±6.1)%, (74.6±5.8)%, and (36.9±12.9)%. The difference of two groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Conclusion ALL-2005 protocol achieves good clinical outcome for children with T-ALL. Complete remission during the induction period and risk-based grouping are independent factors that influence the prognosis of T-ALL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on ultrasound locating interspinous space of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in cesarean section WANG Chang-she, WEN Da-xiang, LI Sheng-hua, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1610.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.010 Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (282KB) ( 1478 )   Objective To investigate the clinical value of locating the interspinous space by ultrasound imaging technique for combined spinal and epidural anesthesia of cesarean section. Methods Two hundred and forty pregnant women who were going to undergo the cesarean section were randomly divided into the control group (traditional landmark locating method, n=120) and ultrasound group (ultrasound imaging technique locating method, n=120). The space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was properly located and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia was performed. Before the surgery, the anesthesia effect was evaluated for recording height, body mass, body mass index, time for locating before anesthesia, the number of punctures for combined spinal and epidural anesthesia, needle length, and bleeding or nerve irritation symptoms due to the epidural catheter of two groups and the distance of the skin to the epidural space of the ultrasound group. The incidence of post epidural puncture headache and abnormalities of lower extremity sensory or motor after the surgery and the incidence of backache on 1, 3, and 7 d after the surgery were recorded. Results Compared to the control group, the time for locating the interspinous space of the ultrasound group was significantly longer (P<0.01); the success rate of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia performed by one puncture was significantly higher (P<0.01); and the incidence of anesthesia related complications was significantly lower (P<0.01). Conclusion Locating the space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae by ultrasound imaging technique is helpful for improving the success rate of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia performed by one puncture and decreasing anesthesia related complications and has certain value in clinical applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of serum magnesium and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and left ventricular function of stage 5 patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease ZHANG Yuan-yuan, WANG Ying-deng 2014, 34 (11):  1614.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.011 Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (263KB) ( 1200 )   Objective To investigate the correlation of serum magnesium level and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) and left ventricular function of stage 5 patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods According to the history of CHD, 43 stage 5 patients with non-dialysis CKD were divided into the CHD group (n=24) and control group (n=19). Basic information, serum magnesium, heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), pre-ejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and PEP/LVET of patients were recorded. The t test and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted by the SPSS 15.0. Results The serum magnesium level, SV, SI, and LVET of the CHD group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The serum magnesium level of the CHD group positively correlated to LVET (r=0.66, P<0.01) and negatively correlated to PEP/LVET (r=－0.38, P<0.05). Conclusion The serum magnesium level of stage 5 patients with non-dialysis CKD and CHD was low and relevant to the left ventricular systolic function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of clinical characteristics of 198 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and affecting factors of prognosis XU Hai-yan, ZHANG Feng-chun, LIN Yu-mei 2014, 34 (11):  1618.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.012 Abstract ( 911 )   PDF (265KB) ( 1307 )   Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and affecting factors of the prognosis. Methods A total of 198 patients initially diagnosed as DLBCL were selected. The general clinical characteristics, immunological subtypes, and expressions of CD5, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 were analyzed to determine the relationship of relevant factors and prognosis. Results Among 161 patients received immunological detection, the incidence of non-germinal center B cell (non-GCB) type DLBCL (67.08%) was significantly higher than that of germinal center B cell (GCB) type DLBCL (32.92%). Positive expression rate of Bcl-2 in 134 patients was 73.88%, while positive expression rate of CD5 in 84 patients was 19.05%. The Ki-67 expression of 92.73% of 165 patients was higher than 50%. The differences of clinical characteristics and expressions of CD5, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 of patients with GCB type DLBCL and non-GCB type DLBCL were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The survival time of patients with DLBCL was affected by the age, B symptom, PS score, clinical stage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, international prognostic index (IPI), immunological subtype, CD5, and treatment by rituximab. PS score, IPI, immunological subtype, and treatment by rituximab were independent factors that affected the prognosis of DLBCL. Conclusion The origin of DLBCL tumor cells has no correlation with clinical characteristics. PS score, IPI, immunological subtype, and treatment by rituximab are independent factors that affect the prognosis of patients with DLBCL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of hypertension on treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke by rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis CAI Ruo-wei, CHEN Ya-fang, HUANG Yin-hui, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1622.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.013 Abstract ( 534 )   PDF (308KB) ( 1087 )   Objective To explore the effects of hypertension on the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis.MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke who were administrated intravenous rt-PA within 4.5 h after the onset were selected. The onset time was between February 2009 and June 2013. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological functions. Patients were divided into the good prognosis group (mRS scores were 0-1) and poor prognosis group (mRS scores were 2-6) according to the scores of mRS. General informations of patients were collected and compared between two group and risk factors were analyzed. Results The difference of the percentage of patients with hypertension of the good prognosis group (n=92) and poor prognosis group (n=83) was not statistically significant (66.30% vs 67.47%，P=0.870). The results of logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that hypertension was neither a risk factor of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR=0.453, 95%CI: 0.087-2.352, P=0.346) nor a influencing factor of the prognosis of thrombolysis (OR=1.014, 95%CI: 0.933-1.101, P=0.746). Conclusion The hypertension has no significant effect on the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke by rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effects of tadalafil combined psychological and behavioral interventions on erectile dysfunction with premature ejaculation HUANG Hua-wu, HUANG Qun, HUANG Yong-ping, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1626.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.014 Abstract ( 798 )   PDF (351KB) ( 1144 )   Objective To investigate the clinical effects of tadalafil combined with psychological and behavioral intervention on erectile dysfunction with premature ejaculation. Methods A total of 98 cases of erectile dysfunction with premature ejaculation were selected and randomly divided into the tadalafil treatment group (tadalafil group) and tadalafil combined with psychological and behavioral intervention group (combination group) with 49 cases in each group. Intravaginal ejaculation latency, Chinese patients with premature ejaculation sexual function assessment scale (CIPE), selfrating anxiety scale (SAS), international index of erectile function (IIEF), and sexual satisfaction questionnaire were used to evaluate the clinical effects of two groups. Results Compared to before treatment, the intravaginal ejaculation latency of the tadalafil group increased significantly after 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), while the intravaginal ejaculation latency of the combination group increased significantly after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The intravaginal ejaculation latency of the combination group was significantly longer than that of the tadalafil group after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, scores of CIPE degree scale indicators libido, penile erection hardness, duration of erection, ejaculation latency, control of ejaculation, sexual satisfaction, sexual satisfaction of the spouse, orgasm frequency, sexual self-confidence, and anxiety, and SAS scale scores, IIEF index, and sex satisfaction were all improved. The improvement of above indexes of the combination group was significantly more obvious than that of the tadalafil group and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the incidence of adverse reactions of the tadalafil group was 10.20% (5/49) and compared to the combination group (6.12%, 3/49), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.544, P=0.416). Conclusion Compared to the treatment by tadalafil alone, the clinical effects of the treatment by tadalafil combined with psychological and behavioral intervention are better. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study of CT and magnetic resonance imaging for postoperative evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction YANG Xian-feng, WANG Dong-mei, CHEN Dong-yang, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1631.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.015 Abstract ( 1000 )   PDF (508KB) ( 1400 )   Objective To compare the application value of CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the postoperative evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to explore the clinical application of new imaging technologies. Methods Fifteen patients who underwent ACL reconstruction by the autologous tendon were scanned by spiral CT, routine MRI, and MR diffusion tensor imaging. The grafts and surrounding structures were observed and scored by two evaluation methods by one radiologist and one orthopedist. Results The bone tunnel, screw, and interface were clearly and directly displayed by CT curve planar reconstruction. The multiple planar reconstruction was helpful for displaying the contour of the graft and the osterophyte of the inter-condylar notch. The volume render technique could display the relationship of tunnel aperture and intercondylar eminence at any angle. MRI clearly displayed the fiber bundle of graft and provided quantitative data. Scores of the continuity and density/signal uniformity of graft and articular cavity and surrounding structure of CT were lower than those of MRI (P=0.001). Scores of the position of tunnel aperture, screw, shape of inter-condylar notch, and surrounding bone mineral density of CT were higher than those of MRI (P=0.001). The difference of scores of bone tunnel diameter measurements of CT and MRI was not statistically significant (P=0.102). Conclusion CT 3D reconstruction technology is better than MRI for observing the position of tunnel aperture, measuring the internal diameter of tunnel, and evaluating surrounding bone mineral density, while MRI is more sensitive to the shape and internal pathological changes of the graft. The postoperative evaluation of ACL reconstruction can be more straightforward and objective by CT and MRI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinicopathological analysis of six cases of breast adenoid cystic carcinoma BI Hai-xia, HAN Chun, ZHANG Qun-li, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1636.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.016 Abstract ( 1400 )   PDF (582KB) ( 1226 )   Objective To explore the clinicopathological features, immune phenotypes, and differential diagnosis of breast adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with breast adenoid cystic carcinoma were collected and the clinical and histopathological features and their prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results The ages of the 6 patients were between 49 and 86 years old. On gross inspection, these tumors located in left breast with clear boundary, pale or grey yellow colour, and lobulated or cystic shape. Microscopically, these tumors showed infiltrative growth with cribriform, trabecula-tubular and solid patterns. The neoplastic parenchyma was consisted of glandular epithelium, basaloid cells, and sebaceous differentiated cells. Immunohistochemically, ER, PR, and CerbB-2 of tumour cells were all negative. The epithelial cells expressed CK7, CK5/6, and CD117. Basaloid cells has the features of myoepithelial cells and expressed CK5/6 and P63. Four patients underwent modified radical mastectomy without ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis and 2 patients underwent extended recection. There was no relapse or metastasis after being followed up for 3-66 months. Conclusion Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma is a low-grade malignant tumor with unique histopathological characteristics and immune phenotype. The prognosis is satisfactory and the incidence of lymph node metastasis is rare. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of atorvastatin on hypertension patients with dyslipidemia and body's inflammatory response HUANG Hai-yuan, PAN Xing-shou, HUANG Xian-nan, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1642.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.017 Abstract ( 913 )   PDF (337KB) ( 1104 )   Objective To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on hypertension patients with dyslipidemia and body's inflammatory response. Methods A total of 120 hypertension patients with dyslipidemia were selected and randomly divided into the combined drug group (n=60) and single drug group (n=60) and 60 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Patients of the single drug group administrated levamlodipine besylate tablets (2.5 mg/d) and patients of the combined drug group administrated same dose of levamlodipine besylate tablets and atorvastatin (20 mg/d) for 8 weeks. The effects of two therapeutic regimens on the anti-hypertension, blood lipid level, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level, and serum inflammatory cytokine level were compared. Results Symptoms of hypertension of two groups were controlled and improved at different degrees after treatment. Fifty-eight cases of the combined drug group were markedly effective or effective and the overall response rate was 96.67%, while 44 cases of the single drug group were markedly effective or effective and the overall response rate was 73.33%, which was significantly lower than that of the combined drug group (P<0.05). The TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-4, IL-6, MMP-9, and hs-CRP levels and cfPWV of two groups significantly decreased after treatment, while HDL-C and IL-10 levels significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05). Variations of above indexes of the combined drug group were significantly superior than those of the single drug group (P<0.05). The blood pressure values significantly and positively correlated to IL-4, IL-6, MMP-9, hs-CRP, and cfPWV, while significantly and negatively correlated to IL-10. Conclusion Atorvastatin has significant clinical effects on hypertension patients with dyslipidemia and can efficiently inhibit the body's inflammatory response. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis of major depression in hepatitis B patients by urine metabolomics HOU Li-juan, XU Qing-yu, DUAN Shu-peng, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1647.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.018 Abstract ( 911 )   PDF (755KB) ( 1289 )   Objective To explore the potential feasibility of using urine metabolomics for diagnosing the major depression (MD) of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods Metabolites in the urine of 75 chronic hepatitis B patients with MD and 64 chronic hepatitis B patients without MD were detected by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and analyzed by the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results A total of 31 metabolites were identified. The results of OPLS-DA analysis showed that samples of two groups could be correctly separated by combinations of these metabolites (the accurate rate was about 88%). Twelve metabolites played a major role in separation. Conclusion Urine metabolomics has the potential feasibility for diagnosing the MD of patients with chronic hepatitis B and deserves further study and clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experiences and influencing factors of caregivers of patients with mental disorders HUANG Bing-jing, SHI Zhong-ying, LIU Shao-yan, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1652.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.019 Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (317KB) ( 1277 )   Objective To explore the experiences of caregivers of patients with mental disorders, to analyze relevant influencing factors, and to provide guidance for caregivers. Methods The Chinese version of Experience of Cargiving Intervention (ECI) was adopted to conduct the questionnaire survey and analysis for caregivers of people with mental disorders who were hospitalized in or followed up by two mental health facilities of Shanghai. Results A total of 139 patients' caregivers were surveyed. Among patients, 83.1% suffered from schizophrenia; 12.5% suffered from mood disorder; and 4.4% suffered from other mental disorders. The total score of ECI negative appraisal was 123.36±29.88 and total score of ECI positive appraisal was 22.13±9.15. ECI scores were significantly influenced by the age, gender, employment, relationships with patients, economic status of caregivers, and first onset and self-care ability of patients. Conclusion Both ECI negative and positive appraisal of caregivers of patients with mental disorders were high and affected by multiple factors of caregivers and patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on epidemiological features of hand-foot-mouth disease during 2008—2013 in Chongqing and prediction of epidemiological tendency TANG Xiao-jing, ZENG Qing, WU Tian-yong, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1657.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.020 Abstract ( 503 )   PDF (563KB) ( 1117 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of hand-foot-mouth disease during 2008—2013 in Chongqing and the epidemiological tendency in the future. Methods The data of hand-foot-mouth disease during 2008—2013 in Chongqing were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease during 2008—2013 in Chongqing was modeled and analyzed by the time series for casting system of SAS/ETS. Results From 2008 to 2013, a total of 11 595 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in Chongqing and the average annual incidence was 64.07/100 000. Among them, 89 cases died and the average annual mortality rate was 0.51/100 000. Male cases were more than female cases. Most patients were 0-5-year-old (96.56%) scattered living children (58.97%) and kindergarten children (36.94%). Each county and district of Chongqing reported cases. The incidence of major 9 urban districts was significantly higher than that of suburbs. The onset had an obvious seasonal trend. A single epidemic peak appeared and between March and August of 2008—2011 and two epidemic peak appeared between March and August and October and December of 2012—2013. The epidemic peak of October-December was higher than that of March-August. The prediction model that was automatically screened by the time series forcasting system of SAS/ETS was a seasonal exponential smoothing model. The results of prediction showed that the trend of incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in 2014 was upward and a peak would appear between May and August. Conclusion Obvious differences of gender, age, occupation, region, and season exist for the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Chongqing during 2008—2013. The seasonal exponential smoothing method can satisfactorily simulate the variation trend of time series for the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Chongqing and is important for guiding the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Related Articles | Metrics

Original article (Public health administration)

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Effects of new rural cooperative medical schemes on utilization of preventive care services of rural residents CHEN Lu, ZHANG Xiao, CAO Qian 2014, 34 (11):  1663.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.021 Abstract ( 649 )   PDF (370KB) ( 1289 )   Objective To analyze the effects of new rural cooperative medical schemes on the utilization of preventive care services of rural residents and to quantitatively assess the application effects of new rural cooperative medical schemes. Methods Rural residents of the control group did not participate the new rural cooperative medical schemes and rural residents of the participationd group participated the new rural cooperative medical schemes. Survey data of 2004 and 2009 from China health and nutrition survey (CHNS) was adopted to compare the differences of using preventive care services of two groups by the difference-in-difference method. Results The utilization of preventive care services of the participation group was more than that of the control group and the interaction of T*P was statistically significant (P<0.05). The net effect of new rural cooperative medical schemes on the utilization of preventive care services was 1.822. The age, education level, annual per capita income, and four week limitation influenced the utilization of preventive care services. Conclusion The new rural cooperative medical schemes have positive effects on the utilization of preventive care services of rural residents. Some measures should be taken to improve the utilization of preventive care services during the implementation of new rural cooperative medical schemes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of teaching quality of medical students from consistent 8-year programme based on ACGME model LIU Yu-mei, BAO Hong-da, FEI Yang, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1668.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.022 Abstract ( 874 )   PDF (342KB) ( 1171 )   Objective To assess the teaching quality of medical students from the consistent 8-year programme of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Methods The scale questionnaire based on six aspects of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) model was prepared. A total of medical students from the 8year programme who enrolled between 2005 and 2012, 86 undergraduate or graduate medical students, and 10 medical teachers of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were surveyed. Results The total score and score of problem solving and clinical skills of male students from 8-year programme were higher than those of female students and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Scores of problem solving and clinical skills and systematic practice ability of students from 8-year programme increased with their grade (P<0.05). The total score of students from 8-year programme was higher than that of undergraduate or graduate students with the same grade (P<0.05). The assessment of students from 8-year programme by teachers was basically consistent with the results of students' self-assessment and the score of problem solving and clinical skills was high (P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical ability of students from 8-year programme of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine is verified, but they still lack clinical experience. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of humanistic care ability of medical students and its influencing factors GE Xiao-hua, LI Jing-song, CHEN Hai-yan, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1672.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.023 Abstract ( 990 )   PDF (380KB) ( 1129 )   Objective To investigate the humanistic care ability of medical students and to propose some suggestions for improvement. Methods A total of 388 medical students from a university in Shanghai were selected and surveyed by the Care Ability Inventory. Results The average score of humanistic care ability of medical students was 177.27±16.65. The total score and scores of understanding, patience, and encourage dimensions were lower than that of the international norms. Gender, exposure to the clinical medicine, major, and serving as class cadres are influencing factors of the humanistic care ability. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Educators should pay attention to the humanistic care ability of medical students and enhance the humanistic care education so as to improve their care consciousness and ability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of teaching mode of problem-based learning combined with clinical pathway to practice teaching of hematological malignancies WANG Ming-ming, Zou Li-fang, DOU Hong-ju, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1678.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.024 Abstract ( 648 )   PDF (330KB) ( 1225 )   Objective To explore the application of teaching mode of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with clinical pathway (CP) to the practice teaching of hematological malignancies. Methods Fifty clinical interns of Department of Hematological Internal Medicine were selected and randomly divided into the traditional teaching group (n=25) and PBL combined with CP teaching group (n=25). The traditional teaching group adopted the traditional teaching methods, namely the lecture based learning (LBL) while the PBL combined with CP teaching group adopted the teaching mode of PBL combined with CP. The teaching feedback and results of two groups were compared. Results The evaluation of teaching feedback of the PBL combined with CP teaching group by teachers and students was higher than that of the traditional teaching group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Comparison of the teaching quality showed that average scores of academic examination (92.95±4.55 vs 84.45±6.28), clinical practical skill (94.25±4.75 vs 87.45±5.84), and ability of case analysis (92.33±5.28 vs 83.65±7.32) were remarkably higher than those of the traditional teaching group and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion The teaching mode of PBL combined with CP is feasible for the clinical practice teaching of hematological malignancies. It can normalize the diagnosis and treatment, improve the quality of practice teaching, and greatly enhance the learning interest and clinical practice ability of interns. Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Structure, location, function, and regulation of SUMO specific protease family MIAO Yu, ZHAO Wen-bo, LI Qing, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1683.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.025 Abstract ( 1325 )   PDF (361KB) ( 1483 )   Post-translational modification of proteins plays a very important role in regulating function, activity and positioning of proteins, as well as the progression of cell cycle and cell differentiation. SUMOylation (SUMO, small ubiquitin-like modifier) is a highly dynamic process which can be reserved by SUMO specific proteases (SENPs) family. SENPs can catalyze and remove SUMO from SUMO-connecting target proteins, as well as from their precursor proteins. Furthermore, some members of this family are involved in the maturation and activation of SUMO. Thus, deSUMOylation is as important as SUMOylation to the regulation of function and activity of SUMO-connecting proteins. This paper reviews the structure and biological characteristics of SENPs family. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progresses of the application of telemonitoring technology to the treatment and control of diabetes LIU Hui-ming, LI Guo-hong, ZHAO Lie-bin, et al 2014, 34 (11):  1688.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.026 Abstract ( 640 )   PDF (274KB) ( 1482 )   Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and its prevalence rate is also increasing worldwide. Recently, with the development of advanced technologies, treatment and control of diabetes by the telemonitoring technology attract the attention and interests of relevant fields. This paper reviews current studies on the application of telemonitoring technology to treatment and control of diabetes and provides scientific evidences for more efficiently combining this technology with prevention and treatment of diabetes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical manifestations and early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral vascular disease LIU Min-qi, LIU Wei 2014, 34 (11):  1691.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.027 Abstract ( 1014 )   PDF (301KB) ( 1461 )   As one of the major complications of diabetes, diabetic vasculopathy is a complex pathophysiological process participated by tunica adventitia, media, and intima. The diabetic peripheral vascular disease is an important reason for the death and disability. Early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are extremely important for the life quality of patients with diabetes mellitus. Noninvasive and simple diagnostic methods greatly benefit the early screening and diagnosis. The pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and some early diagnostic methods of diabetic peripheral vascular disease are reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of metformin and treatment of pancreatic cancer WANG Yi-wei, ZHENG Lei-zhen 2014, 34 (11):  1695.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.028 Abstract ( 973 )   PDF (357KB) ( 1382 )   As the firstline drug for the treatment of diabetes, metformin not only has the effect of reducing blood glucose, but also has biological effects of antitumor. Clinical epidemiological studies show that type 2 diebetes can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, metformin has received more and more attention on the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer. The epidemiological data reveals that metformin can reduce the incidence of pancreatic cancer of patients with diabetes, which might be a new strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancers. This paper reviews the relationships between metformin and the treatment of pancreatic cancer in terms of epidemiology and molecular mechanisms involved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of clinical application of micro-implant anchorage to orthodontics CHEN Hui, LIU Hong-hu 2014, 34 (11):  1700.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.029 Abstract ( 825 )   PDF (356KB) ( 1386 )   Micro-implant anchorage, which is an effective anchorage for orthodontics, has been extensively applied to clinics since its invention. Micro-implant anchorage is easily handled, bears favorable reliability, and has decreased the difficulties in orthodontics, which makes it a basic and clinical research focus nowadays. The research progresses of clinical application of micro-implant anchorage to orthodontics are reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

Technique and method

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Establishment of mesenchymal stem cell lines with optical in vivo imaging ability and bioluminescence CHEN Jie-yu, SHI Xiao-feng 2014, 34 (11):  1705.  doi: 11.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2014.11.030 Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (541KB) ( 1358 )   Objective To establish murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell lines that can stably express the luciferase. Methods OP9 cells of MSC lines were infected by lentivirus GV260 containing luciferase gene and screened by puromycin for establishing OP9 luc+ cell lines that could stably express the luciferase. The activity of reporter gene of luciferase was detected and its expression effect was observed. OP9 luc+ cells were injected via the tail vein of C57BL mice and imaging ability was observed. Results OP9 luc+ cells that stably expressed luciferase were screened. The activity detection proved that the expression efficiency of OP9 luc+ cells was high. OP9 luc+ cells could form image clearly in vivo. Conclusion Murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell lines with stable and high expression of luciferase are established. Related Articles | Metrics