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28 October 2017, Volume 37 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of PHPO on apoptosis and proliferation of lung cancer cell line A549#br# WAN Jian-wei, ZHOU Lin, ZHAO Dan-dan, YANG Yu-qin, LU Li-ming 2017, 37 (10):  1315.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.001 Abstract ( 1662 )   PDF (9324KB) ( 1109 )   Objective · To investigate the effect of a new type of allene compound, 1-phenylpropadienyl phosphine oxide (PHPO), on proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cell line A549.  Methods · A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of PHPO. The effects of PHPO on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assay. Wound healing test was used to measure the migration ability of A549 cells. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of apoptosis and cell cycle related gene. The expression of proteins in MAPK pathway was assayed by the Western blotting. The nude mice xenograft model of human lung cancer A549 cells was established. After tumor formation, PHPO was injected daily for treatment, and the tumor size was observed.  Results · Compared to the control group, PHPO significantly inhibited the cell viability of A549 cells and induced apoptosis of them, and the IC50 value of 24 h is 44.23 μmol/L. PHPO blocked the cell cycle in the G1 phase significantly. The migration capacity of PHPO-treated cells was decreased. The mRNA levels of Bax and P21 were up-regulated in PHPO-treated group, and the mRNA lever of Bcl-2 was down-regulated (P<0.05). PHPO increased the phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK and JNK. Injection of PHPO could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor in the xenograft model compared to the control group (P<0.05).  Conclusion · PHPO can induce the apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells, block the cell cycle in the G1 phase and decrease the migration ability of A549 cells significantly. The mechanism may be related to the activation of MAPK signaling pathway by PHPO and the increase of phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK. Related Articles | Metrics

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HBV-induced metabolic changes in HepG2 human hepatoma cells revealed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry#br# LI Jing-chen, WAN Qian-fen, GAN Miao-yan, TANG Hui-ru 2017, 37 (10):  1322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.002? Abstract ( 1305 )   PDF (6709KB) ( 1052 )   Objective · To investigate the impacts of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the metabolomic phenotype of HepG2 human hepatoma cells.  Methods · With gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), metabolite composition of HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (derived from HepG2 cells transfected with a plasmid containing HBV) were analysed.  Results · GC-MS analysis mainly found 34 metabolites in both HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells, including glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), proline (Pro), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), cysteine (Cys), cystine, aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), pyroglutamic acid, phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), hypoxanthine, uracil, myo-inositol, lactic acid, succinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, urea, cholesterol, etc. These metabolites were involved in multiple metabolic pathways including glycolysis and metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, purines and pyrimidines. Compared with HepG2 cells, HepG2.2.15 cells had significantly higher levels in lactic acid, linolenic acid, Ala and Cys, but lower levels in Leu, Ile, Val, Phe, Met, Trp, Pro, Tyr, myoinositol and uracil.  Conclusion · HBV infection dysregulates the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids in hepatocytes. GC-MS analysis provides complimentary information about HBV-induced metabolic changes of host cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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DOT1L-long enhances breast cancer metastasis#br# DING Xiao-kai, FU Yin-kun, MAN MOHAN 2017, 37 (10):  1327.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.003 Abstract ( 1290 )   PDF (6078KB) ( 999 )    Objective · To investigate the histone methyltransferase capability of DOT1L-long form and its role in breast cancer metastasis.  Methods · The existence of DOT1L-long form was confirmed by PCR, and the mRNA level of DOT1L was tested by real-time PCR. In HEK293T cells in which DOT1L canonical and DOT1L-long were overexpressed respectively, Western blotting was used to test the expression level of DOT1L and the histone methyltransferase capability. In the MCF10A cell line with inducible expression of DOT1L-long, real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, and transwell assay was used to detect the migration of breast cancer cells in which the expression level of DOT1L is low or high.  Results · PCR demonstrated the existence of DOT1L-long form, and real-time PCR showed it widely exists in HCT116, T98G, MCF10A cells, etc. Western blotting showed the expression of DOT1L-long form and its H3K79 methyltransferase activity. In MCF10A cells in which overexpressed canonical DOT1L and DOT1L-long, mRNA levels of N-cadherin and fibronectine increased. Transwell showed canonical DOT1L and DOT1L-long both substantially increased the migration of breast cancer cells.  Conclusion · The existence of DOT1L-long was confirmed and investigated, which is 202 amino acids longer than the canonical DOT1L, and is coded by a new exon, located between exon 27 and 28. Further, the DOT1L-long has H3K79 methyltransferase activity, and is able to promote breast cancer metastasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental research of pregnancy immune tolerance induced by a novel immunosuppressive agent FTY720 via blocking the S1P signaling pathway#br# XIONG Miao, XU Liang, LI Li, LIU Yang, ZHOU Fang-fang, WANG Jun, ZHU Jie-ping 2017, 37 (10):  1332.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.004 Abstract ( 1641 )   PDF (8292KB) ( 1010 )   Objective · To investigate the effects and mechanisms of pregnancy immune tolerance induced by a novel immunosuppressive agent FTY720 and to provide experimental basis for the clinical treatment of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.  Methods · The mice of spontaneous abortion model were used as subjects. The effects of intraperitoneal injection of FTY720 on the embryo loss rate in mice of spontaneous abortion model and on the expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the decidual tissue were observed. S1P-siRNA lentiviral vectors and S1P-overexpression gene lentiviral vectors were constructed and transfected into dendritic cells (DCs) from mouse bone marrow. The effects of FTY720 on the embryo loss rate in mice of spontaneous abortion model after adoptive transferring of these two types of lentiviral vectors were observed.  Results · FTY720 had no significant effect on the embryo loss rate in normal pregnant mice. Intraperitoneal injection of FTY720 significantly reduced the embryo loss rate in mice of spontaneous abortion model. The expression of S1P in the decidual tissue in mice of spontaneous abortion model was low. After adoptive transferring of S1P-siRNA lentiviral vector transfected DCs, FTY720 could slightly reduce the embryo loss rate in mice of abortion mouse model, but the effect was far less than that of before adoptive transferring of S1P-siRNA lentivirus transfected DCs. After adoptive transferring of the S1P-overexpression gene lentiviral vector transfected DCs, FTY720 could significantly reduce the rate of embryo loss in mice of spontaneous abortion model and the effect was more significant than that of before adoptive transfecting of S1P-overexpression lentiviral vector transfected DCs.  Conclusion · FTY720 is safe. The induction of pregnancy immune tolerance may be related to the blockage of S1P signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and micro/nano structure analysis of human vaginal wall acellular matrix CAO Yi-meng, WU Qing-kai, WU Ruo-yu, JIA Xiang, XU Chen, FENG Jie 2017, 37 (10):  1337.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.005 Abstract ( 1591 )   PDF (7577KB) ( 927 )    Objective · To investigate the micro/ nano structure of human vaginal wall acellular matrix, and provide parameters for bionic vagina.  Methods · A total of 35 vaginal specimens were obtained from 35 postmenopausal patients who underwent cystocele repair and/or rectocele repair. Cells in specimens were entirely removed, and the extracellular matrix was maintained. Then the acellular matrix was observed by general observation, H-E staining, Masson staining, scanning electron microscope and Micro-CT. The external and internal structure properties were measured and analyzed.  Results · All cells in 35 vaginal specimens were totally removed. The vaginal wall acellular matrix was a double-layer fibrous reticular structure composed of interlaced collagen fibers, which were further arranged into bundles. Pores were distributed among fiber bundles. Epithelial side structure of vaginal wall acellular matrix was dense and subepithelial tissue was loose. There was no significant difference in fiber diameter [(82.4±9.3) nm vs (87.5±10.2) nm, P=0.432] and fiber bundle thickness [(67.6±9.3) μm vs (65.3±5.2) μm, P=0.634] between the dense and loose layers. Fiber bundle separation [(180.1±24.5) μm vs (118.2±23.0) μm, P=0.003] and total porosity [(77.1±4.2)% vs (66.6±2.8)%, P=0.002] were higher in loose layer. There was no significant difference in the micro/nano structure parameters of the acellular matrix between the anterior vaginal wall and the posterior vaginal wall.  Conclusion · There was no significant difference in the fiber diameter and the fiber bundle thickness between the dense layer and the loose layer of vaginal wall acellular matrix, but the porosity of the dense layer fiber bundle was smaller than that of the loose layer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of cathepsin S deficiency on development of communicating hydrocephalus in mice induced by kaolin#br# LIU Feng-di, ZHAO Rong, SHI Yan-hui, LI Ge-fei, WU Yi-lan, ZHUANG Mei-ting, YIN Jia-wen, DU Xiao-xia, ZHOU Jia-jun, LIU Jian-ren 2017, 37 (10):  1342.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.006 Abstract ( 1750 )   PDF (6744KB) ( 91172 )    Objective · To evaluate the influence of cathepsin S(CatS) on the severity of communicating hydrocephalus in a kaolin injected mouse model.  Methods · Kaolin suspension was injected to 8 CatS knock-out (CatS -/-) mice and 12 wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice through cisterna magna to establish communicating hydrocephalus mouse model. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used before and 1 week after kaolin injection to compare lateral ventricular volume. Lateral ventricular index was calculated to analyze the severity of hydrocephalus.  Results · One week after kaolin injection, 1 in CatS -/- group and 2 in WT group died. The mortality rate was 12.5% each and there was no significant difference (P=1.000). MRI results showed varying degrees of ventriculomegaly in both groups. Lateral ventricular index of CatS -/-group (n=8) and WT group (n=16) before kaolin injection was 0.05±0.01 and 0.04±0.01 respectively (P=0.720). One week after kaolin injection, lateral ventricular index of CatS-/- group (n=7) and WT group (n=14) was 0.13±0.02 and 0.11±0.01 respectively (P=0.950). In each group, in 71.4% of mice, lateral ventricular index enlarged twice or more.  Conclusion · One week after kaolin injection into cisterna magna, lateral ventricles enlarges obviously, indicating hydrocephalus occurs, with high success rate. CatS gene deficiency has no significant influence on the development of communicating hydrocephalus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between subtypes of T follicular helper cells and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion LUAN Xiao-rui, LI Wei-ping 2017, 37 (10):  1346.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.007 Abstract ( 1469 )   PDF (4395KB) ( 1021 )    Objective · To discuss the relationship between unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell subtypes.  Methods · Twenty-eight normal early pregnancy women, who had undergone induced abortion, were taken as control, and 28 patients with URSA were enrolled in the abortion group. The mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and decidual tissues were separated in the two groups, and CXCR3+CCR6- Tfh cells, CXCR3-CCR6- Tfh cells, CXCR3-CCR6+ Tfh cells and B cells were tested by flow cytometry.  Results · The decidual CXCR3CCR6- Tfh cells significantly increased in the abortion group compared with control group (P=0.015). And there was a strong association between the decidual CXCR3-CCR6- Tfh cells and B cells in URSA patients (R2=0.779, P=0.025).  Conclusion · The up-regulation of decidual CXCR3-CCR6- Tfh cells in early pregnancy women may be related with the occurrence of URSA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells on biological functions of vascular endothelial cells#br# PENG Hai-yan, LI Hua-ping 2017, 37 (10):  1350.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.008 Abstract ( 1493 )   PDF (9613KB) ( 954 )   Objective · To study the effect of miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells on the biological functions of vascular endothelial cells.  Methods · Lentivirus vectors Up-LV-miR-137 and LV-miR-NC were constructed and transfected into the trophoblast cells HTR-8/SVneo, respectively. And transfection efficiency was verified by PCR. Vascular endothelial cells were cultured with transfected trophoblast cells or their culture medium supernatant. Proliferation, migration activity and ability to recruit monocytes U937 of endothelial cells were detected by CCK8 method, scratch test and Transwell migration test, respectively.  Results · miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells were obtained. The results of CCK8 test showed that proliferation of vascular endothelial cells cultured with miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells or their culture medium supernatant was inhibited, especially in high glucose condition. The repair of endothelial cells in the transfected cells culture medium slowed down in the scratch test. Transwell migration test results showed that after the endothelial cells were cultured with miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells, more monocytes passed through the chambers with higher chemotactic index.  Conclusion · miR-137 overexpressed trophoblast cells can regulate the biological functions of vascular endothelial cells, i.e. reduce proliferation and migration activity and enhance ability to recruit monocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of modified electroconvulsive treatment on oxidative stress parameters in patients with bipolar disorder#br# Lü Qin-yu, BAO Chen-xi, REN Juan-juan, ZHANG Chen, CHEN Xiao-yan, GENG Rui-jie, LU Yan-hua, ZHU Yu-hua, YI Zheng-hui 2017, 37 (10):  1357.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.009 Abstract ( 1676 )   PDF (7723KB) ( 1080 )    Objective · To investigate the effect of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) on oxidative stress parameters in patients with bipolar disorder.  Methods · Forty-three patients with bipolar disorder (case group) were enrolled that received MECT intervention for 6 weeks, and 49 healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited. Chinese versions of the 17 items Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) were used to assess the efficacy and side effects at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. The plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment to assess the level of oxidative stress.  Results · The serum MDA and GSH-Px levels of the case group were higher while the serum SOD levels of the case group was lower than that of the control group, and there was no significant difference in the serum CAT levels between two groups at baseline. MDA levels were higher in manic states than in depressed states, and they were positively correlated with the CGI-S scores. After MECT treatment, the CGI-S scores of patients decreased significantly, and the plasma MDA levels decreased significantly in manic and depressive states, but there was no change in other oxidative stress parameters.  Conclusion · There was oxidative stress damage in patients with bipolar disorder, and the severity of the disease varied with the degree of damage. MECT improved the symptoms of the disease and decreased the level of plasma MDA, while there was no effect on the anti-oxidation index. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between pathology and clinical indexes in IgA nephropathy patients#br# SHI Ying-feng, XU Liu-qing, ZHUANG Shou-gang, LIU Na 2017, 37 (10):  1362.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.010 Abstract ( 1764 )   PDF (9318KB) ( 945 )    Objective · To analyze pathology and clinical indexes of the patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy so as to determine the correlation between the clinical indexes and the extent of renal pathological damage.  Methods · The pathological files of 73 patients with IgA nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy in East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from 2012 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical indexes, such as blood pressure, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, 24 h urine protein quantitation, evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and complement C3, were compared among the patients with different grades, types and extents of IgA nephropathy. The correlations were also conducted.  Results · The 73 patients with IgA nephropathy had an average onset age of (37.07±12.58) years old, whose male to female ratio was 1.21:1. The results showed that there was statistic difference in the indexes of serum uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and eGFR among the different Hass grades and Oxford pathological classification (P<0.05). Besides, serum complement C3 level and partial immunofluorescence sediment intensity of kidney were correlated with pathological types. The lower serum complement C3 level was, the stronger immunofluorescence sediment intensity was, the severer pathological grading was, and the worse renal function was.  Conclusion · The clinical parameters of IgA nephropathy patients can be used to predict the extent of renal pathological damage. Serum uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, eGFR and serum complement C3 level can be used as the indexes to judge the degree of pathologic damage and the progression of the disease at early stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of contrast enhanced ultrasound in assessing the testicular spermatogenesis of nonobstructive azoospermia patients#br# ZHANG Shi-jun, DU Jing, Lü Ren-hua, TIAN Ru-hui, LI Feng-hua 2017, 37 (10):  1368.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.011 Abstract ( 1621 )   PDF (6332KB) ( 806 )   Objective · To assess the usefulness of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in locating the testicular area to guide microdissection testicular sperm extraction (M-TESE) for patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA).  Methods · CEUS was performed in 95 NOA patients. M-TESE was performed in the best and poorest perfusion areas on CEUS and in the conventional area. Sperm retrieval rates (SRR) of the three areas were compared.  Results · M-TESE was performed in 147 testicles (95 patients). SRRs in best perfusion area, poorest perfusion area and conventional area were 66.3%, 32.6% and 47.3% respectively, and the differences between groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The arriving time (AT), time to peak intensity (TTP), peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) showed statistical significance (all P<0.05) between the successful retrieval group (94 points) and unsuccessful retrieval group (200 points). And the SRR showed statistical difference among the three pathological groups. In maturation arrest group and Sertoli cell only group, the SRR in the best perfusion area was higher than that in the conventional area (both P<0.05).  Conclusion · SRR was different in different pathological groups. The locating of the best perfusion area could guide M-TESE so as to improve the SRRs of maturation arrest group and Sertoli cell only group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between cerebrospinal fluid protein level and peripheral nerve demyelination in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome#br# WANG Min, ZHOU Zhao-hua, DENG Shi-biao, ZHANG Jie-yu, YU Ting, ZHU De-sheng, HE Yun-yan 2017, 37 (10):  1372.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.012 Abstract ( 1498 )   PDF (5998KB) ( 1008 )   Objective · To explore the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level and peripheral nerve demyelination in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).  Methods · Clinical and biochemical data of 86 patients with GBS were retrospectively analyzed. According to electromyograms examination of peripheral nerve, GBS patients were divided into group with demyelination and group with axonal degeneration, and their clinical and biochemical characteristics were compared between the two groups. The correlation between CSF protein level and peripheral nerve demyelination was assessed by Spearman’s correlation analysis.  Results · Between the group with demyelination and group with axonal degeneration, there was no significant difference in gender, age, Hughes score, respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infection, erythra, ganglioside sodium injection and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index (P>0.05). Significant higher level of CSF protein, CSF albumin/serum albumin, IgG, and 24 h IgG intrathecal synthesis rate were detected in group with demyelination than that of in group with axonal degeneration (P<0.01). CSF protein level was positively correlated with peripheral nerve demyelination (r=0.345, P=0.001).  Conclusion · The incidence of peripheral nerve demyelination increased accompanied with CSF protein level, and analysis of CSF protein level may be helpful in investigating the immunologic mechanism of peripheral nerve demyelination in GBS patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential expression of estrogen receptor GPR30 in main supporting ligaments of patients with pelvic organ prolapsed#br# KANG Le, CHEN Li, LI Cai-xia, CHEN Xia, CHENG Zhong-ping 2017, 37 (10):  1376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.013 Abstract ( 1347 )   PDF (4393KB) ( 842 )   Objective · To investigate the expression levels of estrogen receptor GPR30, elastin, collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ), and Col Ⅲ in the uterus round ligament and the cardial ligament in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and main components in extracellular matrix (ECM).  Methods · 22 patients with POP (the POP group) and 10 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅲ (the control group) were enrolled. Hysterectomy specimens were collected and expressions of GPR30, elastin, Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the uterine round ligament and the cardial ligament tissues were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.  Results · Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expressions of GPR30, elastin, Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the uterine round ligament and the cardial ligament tissues were significantly lower in the POP group than in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).  Conclusion · The occurrence of POP may be associated with estrogen receptor deficiency and decreased contents of collagen and elastin in relevant tissues. Whether GPR30 is involved in the synthesis, secretion and degradation of ECM major components in pelvic support tissues needs further investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of cryotherapy and microwave therapy on Little’s area epistaxis in children#br# LI Hui, HU Wei-qi, GU Ling-lan, XU Wei-min, LI Ji-ping 2017, 37 (10):  1380.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.014 Abstract ( 1603 )   PDF (4554KB) ( 764 )   Objective · To compare the clinical efficacy of cryotherapy and microwave therapy for Little’s area idiopathic epistaxis in children.  Methods · Clinical data of 675 children with idiopathic epistaxis treated in outpatient service of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2009 to July 2015 were collected, who were divided into cryotherapy group (566 cases) and microwave therapy group (109 cases). The overall inadequacy of the patients was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the operation, and then the patients were followed up for one year. The curative rates of the two groups were compared.  Results · The curative rates of cryotherapy group and microwave therapy group were 96.20% and 86.67%, respectively. The VAS score of the cryotherapy group was better than that of the microwave therapy group (P=0.000), and the mucosa of the cryotherapy group recovered well without scars.  Conclusion · The cryotherapy for Little’s area idiopathic epistaxis in children was safe, effective and simple, with the mucosa recovering well postoperatively, which can improve curative rate and reduce patients’ pain. Meanwhile it was more economical, and easier to be accepted by patients and their families. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and hearing damage SHENG Wang-tao, FANG Xu-hua, LI Jing, SUN Jian-hua, BEI Fei, ZHANG Guo-qing 2017, 37 (10):  1383.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.015 Abstract ( 1542 )   PDF (8433KB) ( 969 )    Objective · To investigate the risk factors of hearing damage in child patients with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB) and follow up their prognosis.  Methods · Clinical data of 106 newborns with severe NHB in neonatal ward of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from June 2015 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to total serum bilirubin (TSB) level, they were divided into three groups, severe NHB group (342.0 μmol/L<TSB peak <427.5 μmol/L), very severe NHB group (TSB peak range 427.5-513.0 μmol/L), and fatal NHB group (TSB peak > 513.0 μmol/L). Automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR) was used to evaluate the hearing ability of children in hospital, while those who got abnormal results would undergo diagnostic test of auditory brainstem response (ABR) when 3 months old. Auditory behavioral response of all 106 child patients at 3 and 6 months old were followed up.  Results · There were totally 106 cases in three groups, among which 33 cases (33/106, 31.13%) got abnormal results at hearing screening in hospital, 22 cases (22/86, 25.58%) in severe NHB group, 9 cases (9/16, 56.25%) in very severe NHB group, and 2 cases (2/4, 50.00%) in fatal NHB group. The difference between groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). All 33 patients not passing AABR in hospital came to undergo diagnostic test of ABR through regular education by a specially assigned person when 3 months old. Two children were diagnosed mild hearing damage. One of them was considered being caused by tympanitis. All children had good situation of auditory behavioral response at 3 and 6 months old in follow-up.  Conclusion · Severe NHB is one of the high risk factors of hearing damage in neonates. The morbidity of hearing damage was higher with the increase of TSB level. The hearing damage caused by severe NHB might be reversible. It also suggested that the follow-up plan should be improved. The hearing damage caused by severe NHB might have no obvious effect on children in daily life, but long term follow-up of these children is still needed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between immunofluorescence deposition and corticosteroid effect in childhood focal segmental glomerulosclerosis manifesting with nephrotic syndrome SHAN Wen-jie, GONG Ying-liang, ZHU Ya-ju, JIN Jing, DONG Yu, LI Yu-feng 2017, 37 (10):  1389.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.016 Abstract ( 1658 )   PDF (5068KB) ( 790 )   Objective · To explore the correlation between immunofluorescence (IMF) deposition and corticosteroid effect in childhood focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) manifesting with nephrotic syndrome (NS).  Methods · Renal IMF deposition and clinical data of the children clinically diagnosed with NS and pathologically diagnosed with FSGS in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 1990 to December 2015 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.  Results · The renal pathological types classified by IMF of 47 patients diagnosed with FSGS manifesting with NS showed that 2 cases (4.26%) were IgA type, 12 cases (14.89%) were IgM type, 4 cases (8.51%) were complement (C) type, 1 case (2.13%) was IgG+A+M type, 5 cases (10.64%) were IgG+A+M+C type, 1 case (2.13%) was IgA+C type, 12 cases (25.53%) were IgM+C type, and there was no immune complexes present in 15 cases (31.91%). The IMF deposition showed 9 cases with IgA+, 25 cases with IgM+, 8 cases with IgG+, 23 cases with C3+, 3 cases with C4+, 6 cases with C1q+, 5 cases with FN+, 12 cases with all negative. After 4 weeks of treatment with oral prednisone at full dose, complete remission was presented in 34 cases (72.34%), partial remission was presented in 7 cases (14.89%), and no remission was presented in 6 cases (12.77%). There was no statistically difference in the corticosteroid effect among the different types of IMF (H=1.792, P=0.408). The corticosteroid effect had statistical differences between C1q+ and C1q- patients (χ2=7.22, P=0.027), while it had no significant differences in other conditions.  Conclusion · In childhood FSGS manifesting with NS, C1q+ patients have relatively poor reaction to the corticosteroid therapy compared to C1q- ones. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cataract surgery in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and high myopia#br# GONG Ying-ying, CHEN Xiao-xia, GU Zhen-sheng 2017, 37 (10):  1393.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.017 Abstract ( 1613 )   PDF (8329KB) ( 833 )    Objective · To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification combining with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and high myopia.  Methods · Five patients (9 eyes) diagnosed with FECD and high myopia were collected retrospectively at Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to February 2016. All the 9 eyes underwent phacoemulsification combining with IOL implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density (CD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated. Paired t-test was performed to evaluate the differences.  Results · 88.89% (8/9) of the vision of the patients was improved, the best corrected visual acuity improved at least 2 lines. The intraocular pressure had no statistically significant difference before and after the operation (t=-1.066, P=0.318). The preoperative and postoperative CDs were (2 184.25±196.44) cells/mm2 and (1 910.0±83.41) cells/mm2 (t=2.876, P=0.064). The preoperative and postoperative CCTs were (546.83±33.74) μm and (566.67±24.66) μm (t=1.971, P=0.106). The loss rate for endothelial cells was (12.10±7.84)%. Only one patient was observed corneal edema and the CD could not be determined, so he underwent penetrating keratoplasty.  Conclusion · Phacoemulsification combining with IOL implantation is safe and effective for patients with FECD and high myopia. Preoperative evaluation of corneal endothelium is necessary. Some measures should be taken into consideration to reduce the loss of endothelial cells during in surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy#br# YANG Ting, WU Ting-ting, TANG Na, GU Ji-ying 2017, 37 (10):  1398.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.018 Abstract ( 1350 )   PDF (5461KB) ( 1002 )   Objective · To investigate the performance of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) on cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), and evaluate the value of TVS combined with MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of CSP.  Methods · A retrospective analysis was made in 42 patients with CSP in Shanghai General Hospital in recent 3 years. The TVS performance, MRI results, and clinical data of the patients were analyzed.  Results · In all 42 cases, 36 were diagnosed as CPS. TVS missed one case, and misdiagnosed 5 cases, which diagnostic accuracy was 85.7%. Thirty-six cases were tested by MRI, therein 32 cases were diagnosed correctly, 3 cases missed, 1 case misdiagnosed, which diagnostic accuracy rate was 88.9%. Among the 36 CSP cases, 30 were simple sac type and 6 were mixedmass type. For the simple sac type, different treatment was chosen according to the muscle thickness of the lower uterine segment incision measured by TVS. When it was more than 3 mm, suction surgery was used. But when it was no more than 3 mm, MRI examination was further used, and the surgical resection or uterine artery embolism+MTX+suction surgery was chosen.  Conclusion · Both TVS and MRI have a high diagnostic accuracy for CSP, and TVS combined with MRI can provide important reference for CSP treatment options. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of mifepristone on ciliary beat frequency and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression levels in human fallopian tubes YUAN Jiang-jing, ZHAO Wei-hong, ZHANG Duo, HE Xiao-ying, ZHANG Jian 2017, 37 (10):  1402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.019 Abstract ( 1436 )   PDF (7402KB) ( 871 )   Objective · To investigate ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression levels of human fallopian tubes after mifepristone treating in vitro.  Methods · Human fallopian tube mucosa explants (n=25) were treated with different concentrations of mifepristone (0.1, 1 and 10 μmol/L) or progesterone (10 μmol/L) separately, or both mifepristone and progesterone. After 24 h of treatment, CBF was measured. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to research the expression of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) of human fallopian tubes after mifepristone treating. The ultrastructure of epithelial cells of fallopian tube after mifepristone (10 μmol/L) treating were observed with transmission electron microscopy.  Results · The CBF at the concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 μmol/L was not affected by mifepristone (P=0.728, P=0.405 and P=0.941). The CBF decreased markedly in the group of 10 μmol/L progesterone compared to control group (P=0.000). Mifepristone (0.1, 1 and 10 μmol/L) dose dependently antagonized the progesterone-induced CBF decrease (P=0.484, P=0.000 and P=0.000). Mifepristone upregulated the expression levels of ERα and PR in the fallopian tubes, but the ultrastructure of the cilia had no significant change.  Conclusion · Mifepristone acts as progesterone antagonist in the human fallopian tube, which may explain the tubal contraceptive mechanism when used as an emergency contraceptive. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of the status of lymph nodes metastasis on the prognosis of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma#br# XU Xin, MA Xiu-mei, ZHOU Di, BAI Yong-rui 2017, 37 (10):  1407.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.020 Abstract ( 1400 )   PDF (6626KB) ( 777 )   Objective · To explore the prognostic factors for postoperative radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the effects of lymph nodes metastasis status on the survival of patients and failure modes of treatment.  Methods · Data of 121 patients with locally advanced ESCC who underwent radical resection and postoperative radiotherapy from 2006 to 2013 were collected. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate prognostic factors with the log-rank test and the Cox regression model. The differences in OS and recurrence patterns between patients with different lymph node metastasis status were compared.  Results · The median DFS of all patients was 22.57 months and median OS was 32.90 months. Multivariate analysis showed that KPS score, length of lesion, and positive lymph nodes ratio (pLNR) were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS. For patients with positive lymph nodes, the median DFS of patients with pLNR ≤ 0.15 and pLNR>0.15 were 33.43 and 19.20 months (P=0.04). Patients without nodal skip metastasis (NSM) had better median OS than patients with NSM, but the difference was not statistically significant. OS was significantly worse in patients with pLNR>0.15 and NSM than in other patients with positive lymph nodes (median OS of 14.33 vs 32.50 months, P=0.02). pLNR had a better prognostic value for OS than the number of positive lymph nodes (AUC=0.673, P=0.04). Analysis of the failure patterns showed that more distant metastases were observed in patients with pLNR>0.15, while more local and regional recurrences were observed in patients with pLNR ≤ 0. 15.   Conclusion · The status of lymph nodes metastasis is associated with the prognosis of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced ESCC. pLNR has a better prognostic value for OS for patients with positive lymph nodes. The recurrence pattern varies in patients with different pLNR after postoperative radiotherapy. The patients with high pLNR and NSM have poor prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of low tidal volume mechanical ventilation and low level of positive end expiratory pressure on respiratory function in patients with asthma under general anesthesia#br# WU Lei, XIA Yi-meng, FAN Qiu-wei 2017, 37 (10):  1413.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.021? Abstract ( 1242 )   PDF (5556KB) ( 777 )    Objective · To investigate the effects of low tidal volume mechanical ventilation and low level of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on respiratory function in patients with asthma under general anesthesia.  Methods · Forty-five patients with asthma undergoing upper abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with 15 cases in each group. Group A received a regular tidal volume of 10 mL/kg, group B a low tidal volume of 6 mL/kg and group C a low tidal volume of 6 mL/kg combined with 5 cmH2O PEEP. Ppeak was recorded at different time points, including the time of induction under anesthesia and the time of 5, 30 and 60 minutes after anesthesia induction. Based on such parameters, Cdyn were also calculated. Moreover, blood gas analysis index (PaO2 and PaCO2) were documented at the time of deoxidation period for 5 minutes before induction and 60 and 120 minutes after induction of anesthesia.  Results · The Ppeak values in goup C were significantly lower at all times (P<0.01) and Cdyn at the time of 60 and 120 minutes after induction were significantly higher (P<0.05) than group A. At the time of 60 and 120 minutes after induction, the levels of PaO2 were also increased (P<0.01) while the levels of PaCO2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in group C compared to group A and group B respectively.  Conclusion · The intermittent positive pressure ventilation of low tidal volume combined with low level of PEEP is a safe and effective mechanical ventilation method for asthma patients under general anesthesia, which can reduce airway peak pressure, enhance pulmonary dynamic compliance and improve the oxygenation index. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey of pregnant women’s understanding of thyroid diseases and analysis of influence factors#br# YANG Wen, WANG Ning-ning, ZHANG Yun-yan, YANG Yan, FENG Wen 2017, 37 (10):  1417.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.022 Abstract ( 1340 )   PDF (7121KB) ( 697 )   Objective · To explore ways to improve screening conditions for thyroid disorders during pre-pregnancy period and the first trimester.  Methods · 1 212 cases of hospitalized expectant mothers from Jan 2016 to Dec 2016 in the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang were studied. As required, these subjects were filled in the questionnaires, including the pregnant women’s basic situation, the way of obtaining the information, their understanding level of thyroid disorders, and their experience of thyroid function screening and screening time. The clinical data was analyzed after collected.  Results · Among 1 212 subjects, merely 214 (17.66%) subjects knew the thyroid disorders and considered it harmful to themselves during their pregnancy, and 659 (54.37%) subjects knew less about thyroid disorders, and 339 (27.97%) knew nothing about the two situations mentioned above. Among all the pregnant women in this study, 29 (2.39%) underwent thyroid function screening before pregnancy, 185 (15.26%) in the first-trimester, 635 (52.39%) during the second and third trimesters, and 363 (29.95%) didn't get thyroid function screening at all. The level of knowing thyroid disorders has a positive correlation to screening ratio in total and the pre-pregnant and first-trimester screening ratio (r=0.57, r=0.15, P=0.000).  Conclusion · Raising childbearing-aged women’s awareness of thyroid disorders and their harms to pregnancy will be helpful for improving thyroid function screening ratio in pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Smoking prevalence and awareness of smoking hazards in a community-based elderly population in Shanghai#br# ZHU Cen-jing, JING Shi-wen, ZHANG Min, LU Dan-ni, ZHANG Lin, ZHENG Zhi-jie 2017, 37 (10):  1422.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.023 Abstract ( 1465 )   PDF (7853KB) ( 836 )   Objective · To investigate the prevalence of smoking and awareness of smoking hazards in a community-based elderly population in Changning District, Shanghai.  Methods · A total of 1 809 subjects were randomly selected from 18 communities based on the chronic non-communicable diseases cohort in an elderly population aged 65 and over in Changning District, Shanghai. Information on smoking status, health condition and awareness of smoking hazards were obtained through face to face interviews. Chi-square tests and non-conditional Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors of the awareness of smoking hazards and current smoking status.  Results · The overall prevalence of current smoking was 15.6% among the investigated elderly population. Smoking prevalence was significantly higher in men than that in women (30.0% vs 2.1%, P=0.000). Also, it was higher in the men aged 65-69 than that in those aged 70 and over (34.3% vs 20.4%, P=0.000). The participants with middle school education had the highest prevalence (19.1%) in the population. Overall, the proportion of participants who knew “smoking causes heart disease” “smoking causes stroke” and “smoking causes cancer” was 45.1%, 43.3% and 64.4%, respectively. Among the participants, 36.4% knew all the three smoking hazards. With the confounders such as age and gender being adjusted, current smoking behavior was associated with the participants’ awareness of smoking hazards (OR=0.74, P=0.000).  Conclusion · Currently, the awareness of smoking hazards is generally low in Shanghai elderly population, especially in those with lower education level and current smoking behavior. More targeted educational interventions are necessary in specific population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the awareness of preventive treatment of disease and influencing factors in community residents in Shanghai#br# NIE Huan-huan, SUN Wei, BAO Yong 2017, 37 (10):  1428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.024 Abstract ( 1227 )   PDF (5788KB) ( 839 )   Objective · To understand the awareness of preventive treatment of disease in community residents, analyze the influencing factors, and explore ways to improve the awareness and service utilization.  Methods · Community residents over 18 years of age who were from 26 community health service centers which were randomly selected in Shanghai were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire. General descriptive analysis was used for basic information and chi-square test for influencing factors. OR values were calculated and Logistic regression analysis was performed.  Results · The awareness rate in community residents was low (57.1%). They got to know the preventive treatment of disease mainly through radio or television (48.4%), newspapers or magazines (36.9%), community propaganda (35.5%), and so on. The influencing factors were age, occupation, education, income, and ways to get to know the preventive treatment of disease. In short, the awareness rate and cognitive level in vulnerable groups were lower.  Conclusion · The effects of current propaganda of the preventive treatment of disease is limited. The propaganda should be more scientific and pertinent, so as to deepen the cognition of community residents and promote the service utilization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progresses on the role of adiponectin and its receptors in prostate cancer#br# FU Shi, ZHOU Juan, WANG Zhong 2017, 37 (10):  1434.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.025 Abstract ( 1606 )   PDF (6864KB) ( 933 )   Prostate cancer is a hormone-associated malignancy and is closely related to obesity in terms of epidemiology and molecular mechanisms. Adiponectin, an adipocytokine produced by adipokine and secreted by adipocyte, exhibits anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, anti-proliferation, and proapoptosis actions on various organs in an endocrine form. Obesity leads to a decrease in adiponectin level, which is closely associated with the occurrence of many tumors. Studies have showed that prostate cancer patients had lower serum adiponectin levels and decreased expression of adiponectin receptors in tumor tissues, which suggest that functional defects of adiponectin and its receptors may be relevant to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. This paper reviews adiponectin and its receptors’ functions, signaling pathways, and roles in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of prostate cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomedical effects of TRIP-Br2 SHE Xin-ping, ZHENG Zhi 2017, 37 (10):  1438.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.026 Abstract ( 1578 )   PDF (4827KB) ( 743 )   TRIP-Br2 (transcriptional regulator interacting with the PHD zinc finger and/or the bromodomain 2) is a kind of cell cycle regulator, which can specifically bind to transcription factor DP-1 (DRTF-1-polypeptide-1) and participate in E2F-1 (E2 factor-1)/DP-1-mediated transcriptional proliferative activities and maintain genome stability. As for energy metabolism, overexpression of TRIP-Br2 activates E2F-1/DP-1-mediated cell cycle regulation, leading to decreased genomic stability and promoting oncogenesis. High levels of TRIP-Br2 can induce brown adipocytes to release inflammatory factors and acute phase response proteins, producing inflammatory responses and acute phase responses. This paper summarizes the molecular structure of TRIPBr2 and its biological role in proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy#br# LU You, LU Ying-li 2017, 37 (10):  1441.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.027 Abstract ( 1489 )   PDF (9188KB) ( 828 )    Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complication of diabetes, which causes pain and inconvenience to the patients and reduces the quality of life. The pathogenesis of DPN is not yet clear, which is the result of multi-factor interaction. Hyperglycemia is clearly an important factor for its pathogenesis and development. Several metabolic pathways have been identified that may relate to the cellular metabolic including glucose flux through the polyol pathway, the hexosamine pathway, production of the protein kinase C isoforms and accumulation of advanced glycation end products. The additive imbalance of these pathways alters the mito-chondrial redox state of the cell and results in oxidative stress. It also causes inflammation. Additionally, growth factors, insulin resistance and lipid abnormality may participate in the metabolic pathway. This review is aimed to elaborate the pathogenesis and complement the known mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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NF-κB participates in the regulation of apoptosis YANG Xiao-xiao, HUANG Hong-ting, LIU Man-hua, HUANG Ying 2017, 37 (10):  1446.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2017.10.028? Abstract ( 1922 )   PDF (11141KB) ( 1175 )    The abnormal changes in the apoptosis activities are relevant to a number of diseases including the tumor genesis and development. Since the gene structure of NF-κB being cloned three decades ago, the investigation of the transcriptional factor has been improved over time. A series of target genes are revealed to be modulated, which participate in physiological and pathological activities, including inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. This review is focused on the signaling network of cell apoptosis regulated by NF-κB, the molecular involved, as well as the environmental variants associated. Furthermore, as NF-κB is unusually up-regulated in diseases such as cancer, searching for its specific antagonists may prevent the occurrence of those diseases. Related Articles | Metrics