Diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in predicting cough variant asthma in children with chronic cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis
DANG Xiangyang,, TANG Yuyi, LI Weiguo, LIU Enmei,
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University;National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
Objective ·To evaluate the values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) for the diagnosis of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children with chronic cough by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods ·PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Database (SinoMed), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database were systematically searched for cohort studies and case-control studies to March 1, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the number of true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative patients and the cut-off value of FeNO were extracted from the studies. Diagnostic accuracy studies tool version 2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature in terms of risk bias and clinical applicability. Revman 5.4 was used to draw the quality evaluation chart. A meta-analysis was performed by the midas and spearman commands of Stata 17.0. Spearman correlation coefficients of sensitivity logarithm and (1-specificity) logarithm were used to test the threshold effect. The substantial heterogeneity caused by non-threshold effect was tested by bivariate box plot and I2 statistic. The effect size was pooled by bivariate random effect model. Publication bias was evaluated by Deek´s Funnel plot. Results ·One thousand and ninety-nine studies were retrieved in total and 9 were finally included. The diagnostic criteria of the included study were all from expert consensus or guidelines. The QUADAS-2 showed that the quality of the included study was low. The Spearman correlation coefficient of sensitivity and (1-specificity) was 0.05 (P=0.90), indicating that there was no heterogeneity caused by threshold effect. The results ofbivariate box plot and I2=0 showed that there was no heterogeneity caused by non-threshold effect. Combined effect showed that the sensitivity was 0.82 (95%CI 0.78-0.85), the specificity was 0.93 (95%CI 0.89‒0.95), the positive likelihood ratio was 11.30 (95%CI 7.40‒17.10), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.19 (95%CI 0.16‒0.24), the diagnostic odds ratio was 58 (95%CI 34‒101), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.89 (95%CI 0.86‒0.92). The result of Deek´s Funnel plot showed that there was no publication bias. Conclusion ·FeNO test has a moderate diagnostic value in prediciting CVA in children with chronic cough. However, the results of the study need to be interpreted with caution due to the low quality of the original evidence.
DANG Xiangyang, TANG Yuyi, LI Weiguo, LIU Enmei. Diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in predicting cough variant asthma in children with chronic cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2023, 43(6): 680-688 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.06.004
咳嗽是儿童常见的就诊原因之一,咳嗽久治不愈不仅降低儿童的生活质量,也给家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担[1-2]。多部国内外指南将儿童咳嗽持续时间大于4周定义为慢性咳嗽[3-6]。引起儿童慢性咳嗽的病因复杂多样,临床上明确慢性咳嗽的病因更加不易。国内一项多中心研究[7]显示,引起中国儿童慢性咳嗽最常见的三大原因为咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)、上气道咳嗽综合征(upper airway cough syndrome,UACS)、感染后咳嗽(postinfectious cough,PIC)。CVA是哮喘的一种特殊类型,以咳嗽为主要表现,无喘息、气促等症状,伴有明显的气道高反应性。嗜酸性粒细胞气道炎症是CVA重要的病理特征,确诊CVA往往需要诱导痰细胞学检查以及支气管激发试验[8-10]。然而诱导痰细胞学检查和支气管激发试验不仅对专业技术要求高,且需要患儿主动配合,在临床工作中普及难度较大。有研究[11]提示,约30%的CVA人群因得不到正规治疗最终发展为典型哮喘。因此,快速而准确地识别CVA,有助于儿童CVA的及时治疗。呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,FeNO)在越来越多的研究中被认为是嗜酸性粒细胞气道炎症的生物标志物;FeNO检测具有无创、便捷、敏感的优势,在监测气道炎症水平,预测糖皮质激素及Ⅱ类气道炎症相关单克隆抗体的治疗反应,评估其抗炎效果,预测疾病急性加重等方面发挥着重要作用[12]。目前临床上常规FeNO检测仪器所检测的是呼出气流速为50 mL/s时的eNO浓度,即FeNO50(fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide at a 50 mL/s flow rate),简称FeNO[13]。已有多项针对成人的系统评价[14-17]显示,FeNO检测有助于区分CVA与健康人群以及其他病因导致的慢性咳嗽患者,且灵敏度和特异度均较高。然而,尚缺乏FeNO检测对儿童CVA诊断价值的循证证据。本研究旨在采用系统评价和meta分析的方法,总结现有相关研究证据,评价FeNO检测对儿童CVA的诊断价值,为临床应用提供循证依据。
系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库共7个数据库。检索时间为建库至2022年3月1日。中文检索式以万方数据库为例,检索式为(咳嗽OR支气管炎)AND(FeNO OR呼出气一氧化氮OR一氧化氮呼气试验)AND(儿童OR儿科OR小儿OR新生儿OR婴儿OR幼儿OR青少年)。英文检索式以PubMed数据库为例,采用主题词加自由词检索方式:("cough"[MeSH Terms] OR "bronchitis"[MeSH Terms] OR "cough*"[Title/Abstract] OR "bronchitis"[Title/Abstract] OR "bronchitic"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("nitric oxide"[MeSH Terms] OR "FeNO"[Title/Abstract] OR "eno"[Title/Abstract] OR "nitric oxide"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("child"[MeSH Terms] OR "pediatrics"[MeSH Terms] OR "adolescent"[MeSH Terms] OR "infant"[MeSH Terms] OR "infant, newborn"[MeSH Terms] OR "child*"[Title/Abstract] OR "pediatric*"[Title/Abstract] OR "paediatric*"[Title/Abstract] OR "adolescent*"[Title/Abstract] OR "infant*"[Title/Abstract] OR "newborn*"[Title/Abstract] OR "neonate*"[Title/Abstract] OR "kid"[Title/Abstract] OR "toddler*"[Title/Abstract])。此外,为了尽可能全面地纳入文献,对相关综述、论著、会议摘要的参考文献进行手工检索和文献追溯。
The study was designed by LIU Enmei and DANG Xiangyang. The development of search strategy, data extraction and analysis were performed by DANG Xiangyang, TANG Yuyi and LI Weiguo. The manuscript was drafted and revised by LIU Enmei, DANG Xiangyang, TANG Yuyi and LI Weiguo. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.
利益冲突声明
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
COMPETING INTERESTS
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
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