Research progress in the anti-cancer activity and related mechanisms of arenobufagin
BAI Wenhui,1, SHEN Shukun2, WU Yingli,1
1.Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
2.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
Toad venom is an active extract of toad, which is processed by distilling or drying at high temperature the venom secreted from the skin glands and ear-side glands of Toad Chinensis. As a natural product that has been used to treat diseases in China for thousands of years, toad venom has many pharmacological effects such as heart strengthening, analgesia, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-endotoxin shock, and anti-cancer. Arenobufagin (ARE) is one of the main chemical components of toad venom, and its anti-cancer mechanism has been increasingly clarified in the past decade. ARE can play an anti-cancer role through a variety of ways, such as inducing apoptosis and/or autophagy of cancer cells, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest, inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion, and inhibiting angiogenesis. The current research on ARE mainly focuses on the selective toxicity of cancer cells and the molecular mechanism of anti-cancer, mostly at the cellular and animal levels. Due to the large toxic and side effects of ARE, unclear targets and unclear pharmacokinetic characteristics, ARE has not yet entered the clinical application in Western medicine. This article summarizes relevant research results on the anti-cancer activity and molecular mechanism of ARE, and its combination with other anti-cancer drugs in order to provide a new direction for improving the anti-cancer mechanism of ARE.
BAI Wenhui, SHEN Shukun, WU Yingli. Research progress in the anti-cancer activity and related mechanisms of arenobufagin. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2024, 44(3): 385-392 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.03.012
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调。如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述。
Tab 2
表2
表2由ARE诱导的细胞凋亡和自噬相关的蛋白
Tab 2 Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARE
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1.
铁死亡是一种新型程序性细胞死亡,其主要特征为铁代谢异常、谷胱甘肽生物合成减少、脂质过氧化增加等。有研究显示ARE具有诱导癌细胞发生铁死亡的能力。如在胃癌细胞MNK-45和BGC-823中使用未引起细胞凋亡的低浓度(10 µmol/L)ARE会引起铁含量、氧化型谷胱甘肽/还原型谷胱甘肽比率、丙二醛水平显著增加,铁死亡相关基因谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)、溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)、铁死亡抑制蛋白1(ferroptosis suppressor protein 1,FSP1)等表达下降,而使用铁死亡抑制剂Ferrostatin-1则可减轻上述现象,这表明低浓度ARE可引起癌细胞发生铁死亡[13,20]。进一步的机制研究表明,ARE引起的铁死亡与核受体亚家族1 D组成员1(nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1,NR1D1,又称REV-ERBα)有关;使用激动剂GSK4112激活REV-ERBα会引起细胞发生铁死亡,敲除REV-ERBα则会消除ARE引起的铁死亡效应。
BAI Wenhui, SHEN Shukun and WU Yingli were responsible for the idea of the article. BAI Wenhui was responsible for the writing of the article. BAI Wenhui, SHEN Shukun and WU Yingli were responsible for the revision of the article. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.
利益冲突声明
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
COMPETING INTERESTS
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
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... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [6, 11]
BxPC-3, SW 1900, A549, NCI-H460, HepG2/ADM, MCF 7
Cleaved PARP
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[8]
Eca-109
Cleaved CASPASE 8
Breast cancer[17]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-468
NOXA
Breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer[5, 8, 15-16]
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [6, 13, 15, 18]
HepG2/ADM, MCF 7, A549, Jurkat, MV-4-11, PC-9
BAX
Breast cancer[15]
MCF 7
P-JNK
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
AIF
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅱ
Breast cancer[13]
HELA
ROS
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅱ
Breast cancer[13]
HELA
ROS
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... -6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... -6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... [8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... 研究[9,24]显示,由ARE引起的EMT抑制主要表现为EMT相关标志物[如扭曲家族bHLH转录因子1(twist family bHLH transcription factor 1,TWIST1)、连环蛋白1(beta-catenin 1,CTNNB1)等]表达的下调,且ARE对大部分EMT标志物表达的影响在mRNA水平,如连环蛋白/转录因子4(catenin/transcription factor 4,CATENIN/TCF4)[25]、CTNNB1[26].同时,少数机制研究发现抑制性κB激酶β(inhibitor kappa B kinase beta,IKKβ)/核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路与ARE抑制EMT有关.ZHAO等[24]发现ARE在抑制肺癌细胞H1299、A549迁移时,还会在蛋白水平显著下调P-IKKβ和核因子κB α磷酸化抑制剂(phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha,P-IκBα),同时IKKβ siRNA能够显著抑制肺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭,因此ARE很可能通过靶向IKKβ/NF-κB信号级联反应来抑制肺癌细胞的EMT. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... [10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... [10]2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... [11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [11, 16]
BxPC-3, SW 1900, A549, NCI-H460
Cleaved CASPASE 3
Pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer[6, 11]
BxPC-3, SW 1900, A549, NCI-H460, HepG2/ADM, MCF 7
Cleaved PARP
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[8]
Eca-109
Cleaved CASPASE 8
Breast cancer[17]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-468
NOXA
Breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer[5, 8, 15-16]
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 11]
BxPC-3, SW 1900, A549, NCI-H460, HepG2/ADM, MCF 7
Cleaved PARP
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[8]
Eca-109
Cleaved CASPASE 8
Breast cancer[17]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-468
NOXA
Breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer[5, 8, 15-16]
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [13]
HELA
ROS
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... 铁死亡是一种新型程序性细胞死亡,其主要特征为铁代谢异常、谷胱甘肽生物合成减少、脂质过氧化增加等.有研究显示ARE具有诱导癌细胞发生铁死亡的能力.如在胃癌细胞MNK-45和BGC-823中使用未引起细胞凋亡的低浓度(10 µmol/L)ARE会引起铁含量、氧化型谷胱甘肽/还原型谷胱甘肽比率、丙二醛水平显著增加,铁死亡相关基因谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)、溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)、铁死亡抑制蛋白1(ferroptosis suppressor protein 1,FSP1)等表达下降,而使用铁死亡抑制剂Ferrostatin-1则可减轻上述现象,这表明低浓度ARE可引起癌细胞发生铁死亡[13,20].进一步的机制研究表明,ARE引起的铁死亡与核受体亚家族1 D组成员1(nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1,NR1D1,又称REV-ERBα)有关;使用激动剂GSK4112激活REV-ERBα会引起细胞发生铁死亡,敲除REV-ERBα则会消除ARE引起的铁死亡效应. ...
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
7
... IC50 of different cells treated with ARE for 24 hTab 1
Type of tumor
Type of cell
IC50
Pancreatic cancer
Panc-1
10 nmol/L[11]
AsPC-1
1 nmol/L[11]
SW 1990
9.9 nmol/L[12]
BxPC-3
48.72 nmol/L[5]
Lung cancer
A549
10 nmol/L[13-14]
Breast cancer
MCF 7
485 nmol/L[10,15]
Esophageal carcinoma
Eca-109
0.8 μmol/L[8]
TE-11
3.6 μmol/L[8]
Glioma
U-87 MG
10.3 nmol/L[9]
Cervical cancer
HELA
23 nmol/L[10]
Colon cancer
HT-29
25 nmol/L[10]
2 ARE的抗癌机制2.1 诱导癌细胞死亡
ARE可通过多种途径诱导癌细胞发生不同类型的细胞死亡,如细胞凋亡、细胞自噬和铁死亡等;同时,还可诱导含半胱氨酸的胱天蛋白酶3/8/9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,CASPASE 3/8/9)、磷酸酯酶1诱导蛋白1(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1,PMAIP1,又称NOXA)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein,BAX)等凋亡蛋白以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3 -Ⅱ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ,LC3Ⅱ)等自噬蛋白上调.如下,我们将ARE诱导癌细胞死亡时的相关蛋白进行总结(表2),并就ARE与各种类型细胞死亡的关系进行具体阐述. ...
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 15, 18]
HepG2/ADM, MCF 7, A549, Jurkat, MV-4-11, PC-9
BAX
Breast cancer[15]
MCF 7
P-JNK
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
AIF
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅱ
Breast cancer[13]
HELA
ROS
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [15]
MCF 7
P-JNK
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
AIF
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅱ
Breast cancer[13]
HELA
ROS
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 16]
BxPC-3, SW 1900, A549, NCI-H460
Cleaved CASPASE 3
Pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer[6, 11]
BxPC-3, SW 1900, A549, NCI-H460, HepG2/ADM, MCF 7
Cleaved PARP
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[8]
Eca-109
Cleaved CASPASE 8
Breast cancer[17]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-468
NOXA
Breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer[5, 8, 15-16]
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
6
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
AIF
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅱ
Breast cancer[13]
HELA
ROS
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
AIF
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅱ
Breast cancer[13]
HELA
ROS
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
SMAD3
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... , 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... [20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...
... 铁死亡是一种新型程序性细胞死亡,其主要特征为铁代谢异常、谷胱甘肽生物合成减少、脂质过氧化增加等.有研究显示ARE具有诱导癌细胞发生铁死亡的能力.如在胃癌细胞MNK-45和BGC-823中使用未引起细胞凋亡的低浓度(10 µmol/L)ARE会引起铁含量、氧化型谷胱甘肽/还原型谷胱甘肽比率、丙二醛水平显著增加,铁死亡相关基因谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)、溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)、铁死亡抑制蛋白1(ferroptosis suppressor protein 1,FSP1)等表达下降,而使用铁死亡抑制剂Ferrostatin-1则可减轻上述现象,这表明低浓度ARE可引起癌细胞发生铁死亡[13,20].进一步的机制研究表明,ARE引起的铁死亡与核受体亚家族1 D组成员1(nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1,NR1D1,又称REV-ERBα)有关;使用激动剂GSK4112激活REV-ERBα会引起细胞发生铁死亡,敲除REV-ERBα则会消除ARE引起的铁死亡效应. ...
2
... Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy induced by ARETab 2
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer[11, 15, 19-20]
Panc-1, AsPC-1, PC-9
P-ERK
Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer[5, 6, 11, 21]
Panc-1, AsPC-1
P-AKT
Breast cancer[16]
MCF 7, MDA-MB-48
MCL-1
Lung cancer[19]
PC-9
P-MEK
Liver cancer, lung cancer[13, 19]
HepG2/ADM, A549, PC-9
BCL-2
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
PI3K
Lung cancer[6, 19]
PC-9
C-RAF
Pancreatic cancer[5-6]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
mTOR
Liver cancer[14]
HepG2
STAT3
Acute leukemia[18]
Jurkat, MV-4-11
XIAP
Liver cancer[6]
HepG2/ADM
LC3Ⅰ
Lung cancer[13]
A549
SOD
Lung cancer[20]
A549
GSH
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
AMPK
Pancreatic cancer[5]
SW 1990, BxPC-3
P62
Note: PARP—poly ADP-ribose polymerase; P53—tumor protein p53, also known as TP53; P-JNK—phosphatase c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AIF—apoptosis-inducing factor; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SMAD3—SMAD family member 3; P-ERK—phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase; P-AKT—phosphorylated protein kinase B; MCL-1—myeloid cell leukemia-1; P-MEK—phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF-1—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1, also known as C-RAF; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; XIAP—X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GSH—glutathione; AMPK—adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; P62—sequestosome 1, also known as SQSTM1. ...