Objective ·To investigate the bidirectional causal relationships between celiac disease (CeD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) as well as Graves disease (GD), using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods ·Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to CeD, HT and GD were extracted from publicly available Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) databases and used as instrumental variables. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical approach, supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median (WME) and weighted mode (WMO) methods, to evaluate the causal associations between CeD and both HT and GD. Replication analyses using alternative GWAS datasets were conducted to validate the robustness of the results. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test, and pleiotropy was evaluated via MR-Egger intercept test. Leave-one-out analyses were performed to assess the impact of individual SNPs on the results. Results ·The IVW analysis results indicated that genetically predicted CeD significantly increased the risk of HT [discovery group: OR=1.186 (95%CI 1.114‒1.262), P<0.001; replication group: OR=1.218 (95%CI 1.090‒1.361), P<0.001] and GD [discovery group: OR=1.214 (95%CI 1.155‒1.276), P<0.001; replication group: OR=1.273 (95%CI 1.161‒1.396), P<0.001]. However, reverse MR analyses did not provide evidence for a causal relationship between HT and CeD, while genetically predicted GD significantly increased the risk of CeD [discovery group: OR=1.259 (95%CI 1.006‒1.576), P=0.044; replication group: OR=1.387 (95%CI 1.233‒1.560), P<0.001]. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the results were not influenced by horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusion ·CeD may be causally associated with a higher risk of HT and GD, while GD may increase the risk of developing CeD. HT does not appear to have an impact on CeD.
YAN Junhao, GUO Xiaolei, LUO Zhaofeng, TANG Jian, WANG Zheng. Mendelian randomization analysis of causal relationship between celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2025, 45(6): 766-773 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2025.06.012
通过搜索全基因组关联研究(Genome-Wide Association Studies,GWAS)数据库,分别获得与CeD、HT和GD相关的GWAS数据集(表1)。CeD的数据集(试验组:ebi-a-GCST005523)来自IEU Open GWAS数据库,包含23 649个样本。CeD的重复分析数据集(验证组:GCST90436342)来自GWAS Catalog,包含336 638个样本。HT和GD的数据集均来自芬兰数据库[16],样本量分别为386 242例和453 733例。
Tab 1
表1
表1GWAS数据集来源及特征
Tab 1 Sources and characteristics of GWAS datasets
YAN Junhao, GUO Xiaolei and LUO Zhaofeng were responsible for data collection and statistical analysis, as well as manuscript revision. YAN Junhao conducted literature search and manuscript writing. YAN Junhao, TANG Jian and WANG Zheng were responsible for the research design and final review of the paper. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript to submission.
利益冲突声明
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
COMPETING INTERESTS
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
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