Strengthening and optimization of immunization strategy for COVID-19 vaccines

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.12.001

Abstract

Abstract:

At the beginning of the founding of New China, the government implemented a series of health policies and measures to quickly improve the people's health. The development of vaccine and the construction of public health facilities work together to provide important support for the implementation of the ??prevention first'' policy, and have played an important role in preventing the spread of various infectious diseases. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has rapidly deployed five technical routes to accelerate vaccine research and development. Combining vaccination with public health emergency measures, Chinese government stopped the spread of COVID-19 scientifically and effectively. Due to the rebounded global epidemic, the pressure of ??external defense input, internal defense rebound'' keeps increasing. How to adjust the strategies for epidemic prevention and control has become an important issue. This article reviews the vaccine research and development, vaccine administration, dynamic adjustment of immunization strategies, booster immunization, immunization for the elderly, and the immunization plan. With predicting the trend of global epidemic and analyzing China's COVID-19 vaccination strategy, it provides new thoughts for the next strategic adjustment of China's COVID-19 vaccination as well as the epidemic prevention and control.

Key words: COVID-19, vaccine, booster immunization, the elderly, immunization program, immunization strategy

CLC Number:

R186

Xiao-ya LÜ, Lei SONG, Zhao MA, Shu-guang WANG, Hao MA, Yi-ming SHAO, Zhi-yin WU. Strengthening and optimization of immunization strategy for COVID-19 vaccines[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(12): 1545-1550.

TrendMD

References 33

1	余文周, 温宁, 汪海波, 等. 我国现阶段维持无脊髓灰质炎状态面临的挑战和对策[J]. 中国疫苗和免疫, 2013, 19(5): 468-472.
2	中国疾病预防控制中心. 免疫规划[EB/OL]. (2021-09-13) [2021-11-20]. .
3	国家统计局. 人口总量平稳增长人口素质显著提升: 新中国成立70周年经济社会发展成就系列报告之二十[R/OL]. (2019-09-12) [2021-11-20]. .
4	WHO. The COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape compiles detailed information of each COVID-19 vaccine candidate in development by closely monitoring their progress through the pipeline[R/OL]. (2021-12-03) [2021-12-07]. .
5	WHO. Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process[R/OL]. (2021-11-11)[2021-12-07]. .
6	全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国疫苗管理法[EB/OL]. (2019-06-29) [2021-11-20]. .
7	全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国药品管理法[EB/OL]. (1984-09-20) [2021-11-20]. .
8	WHO. WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard[EB/OL]. [2021-11-20]. .
9	WHO. Update on Omicron[EB/OL]. [2021-11-29]. .
10	Tartof SY, Slezak JM, Fischer H, et al. Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Lancet, 2021, 398(10309): 1407-1416.
11	Cao Y, Yisimayi A, Bai Y, et al. Humoral immune response to circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by inactivated and RBD-subunit vaccines[J]. Cell Res, 31(7): 732-741.
12	Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Murphy CC, et al. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021[J]. Science, 2021. DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0620.
13	Tang P, Hasan MR, Chemaitelly H, et al. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Qatar[J]. Nat Med, 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01583-4.
14	Liu Y, Rocklöv J. The reproductive number of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is far higher compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus[J]. J Travel Med, 2021, 28(7): taab124.
15	McMorrow M. Improving communications around vaccine breakthrough and vaccine effectiveness[R/OL]. (2021-07-29) [2021-11-20]. .
16	Delamater PL, Street EJ, Leslie TF, et al. Complexity of the basic reproduction number (R₀)[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2019, 25(1): 1-4.
17	Israel says Pfizer vaccine effectiveness down to 39 pct amid spread of Delta variant[N/OL]. (2021-07-23) [2021-11-20]. .
18	Jara A, Undurraga EA, González C, et al. Effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chile[J]. N Engl J Med, 2021, 385(10): 875-884.
19	Ministry of Health, Chile. Immunization campaign against SARS-CoV-2: early estimates of the effectiveness of booster shots in Chile[R/OL]. [2021-11-20]. .
20	Pan H, Wu Q, Zeng G, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a third dose, and immune persistence of CoronaVac vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: interim results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial[Z/OL]. [2021-11-20]. .
21	Wang K, Cao Y, Zhou Y, et al. A third dose of inactivated vaccine augments the potency, breadth, and duration of anamnestic responses against SARS-CoV-2[Z/OL]. [2021-12-07]. .
22	U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA authorizes booster dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for certain populations[R/OL]. [2021-12-07]. .
23	U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Moderna COVID-19 vaccine application for emergency use authorization of a booster dose[R/OL]. [2021-12-07]. .
24	Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee. DMID21-0012-heterologous platform boost study: mix and match[R/OL]. [2021-12-07]. .
25	Mok CKP, Cheng SMS, Chen C, et al. A RCT of a third dose CoronaVac or BNT162b2 vaccine in adults with two doses of CoronaVac[Z/OL]. [2021-11-20]. .
26	Cao Y, Hao X, Wang X, et al. Humoral immunogenicity and reactogenicity of CoronaVac or ZF2001 booster after two doses of inactivated vaccine[J]. Cell Res, 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00596-5.
27	Wu S, Huang J, Zhang Z, et al. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in adults: preliminary report of an open-label and randomised phase 1 clinical trial[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2021, 21(12): 1654-1664.
28	Li XN, Huang Y, Wang W, et al. Efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against the Delta variant infection in Guangzhou: a test-negative case-control real-world study[J]. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2021, 10(1): 1751-1732.
29	National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Viral Diseases. Risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death by age group[R/OL]. [2021-11-29]. .
30	Ministerio de Salud, Argentina. ESTUDIO efectividad de campaña nacional de vacunación en reducción de la mortalidad por COVID-19 en personas de 60 años y mayores[R/OL]. [2021-11-20]. .
31	全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国基本医疗卫生与健康促进法[EB/OL]. (2020-01-02) [2021-11-20]. .
32	全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国传染病防治法[EB/OL]. (2020-01-22) [2021-11-20]. .
33	谭敦民. ̒̒疫苗犹豫''成为世卫组织难题?[J]. 家庭医药: 就医选药, 2020(2): 2.

[1]	Ting-wang SHI, Yun-feng CHEN. Preparation of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and its application to antimicrobial [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(7): 953-958.
[2]	Dao HUANG, Dong WEI, Zhi-hong XU, Jia-an HU. Clinical features of 119 old patients with respiratory virus infection [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(5): 628-631.
[3]	Jiang YUE, Yong ZHOU, Hua XU, Wen LIU, Xiao-feng HAN, Qing MAO, Ji-dong ZHANG, Jing MA, Han-dong JIANG, Wei LIU. Characteristic analysis and comparison of glycolipid metabolism in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in common condition and severe cases [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(3): 355-359.
[4]	Jing TAO, Qing-zhi ZENG, Jin DANG, Jian-yin QIU. Reliability and Validity of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(10): 1359-1365.
[5]	YANG Zhi-tao, GAO Wei-yi, LIANG Jing, JING Feng, MAO En-qiang, CHEN Er-zhen. Experience of emergency department of large tertiary general hospital in coping with epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 [J]. , 2020, 40(4): 417-.
[6]	HE Hao, HE Yun-ting, ZHAI Jing, WANG Xiao-jin, WANG Bing-shun. Predicting the trend of the COVID-19 outbreak and timely grading the current risk level of epidemic based on moving average prediction limits [J]. , 2020, 40(4): 422-.
[7]	WANG Guang-hai, ZHANG Yun-ting, ZHAO Jin, ZHANG Jun, JIANG Fan. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak [J]. , 2020, 40(3): 279-.
[8]	RAN Shu-jun, LIANG Jing-ping. Aerosol transmission prevention of novel coronavirus in dental clinics [J]. , 2020, 40(3): 282-.
[9]	QIAN Jie-lei, SHU Rong. Management on prevention of new coronavirus infection in periodontal treatment [J]. , 2020, 40(2): 145-.
[10]	SHI Da-ke, HU Wei-guo, YANG Zhi-tao, LIN Jing-sheng, WANG Xiao-ning, GUO Ying, QIAN Wen-jing, CAI Ming, XIANG Xiao-gang, LIANG Xiao-hong, ZHAI Rong-cheng, ZHANG Yi-bo, NI Yu-Xing. Experience of healthcare-acquired infection control against coronavirus disease 2019 by integrated medical team in Wuhan [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2020, 40(08): 1009-1012.
[11]	ZHA Qiong-fang1, LI Hong-bo2, QIN Hui1. Research progress of interaction between coronavirus disease 2019 and cardiovascular system [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2020, 40(07): 863-866.
[12]	HU Cheng-fang1, 2, ZHU Jie1, LUO Li 2, 3, CAO Jian-wen2, 4, TAO Min-fang2, 5. Analysis of emergency management measures in large public hospitals during corona virus disease 2019 epidemic prevention [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2020, 40(07): 867-872.
[13]	LI Qiang1, 2, SUN Zhe2, QIAN Bi-yun2, 3, FENG Tie-nan2, 4. Retrospective analysis of Chinese epidemic situation model based on elbow cluster analysis [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2020, 40(06): 713-718.
[14]	QIU Cheng-hao1, LU Hong-zhou2, SONG Bing3, LING Yun2, LIU Xin-zhe1, ZHU Ting-ting1. Analysis of clinical features and related factors of coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2020, 40(05): 559-565.
[15]	LIN Mao-wen, LIU Tian, TIAN Ke-qing, JIANG Hong, ZENG Min-min, WANG Li, YIN Jun, LEI Ruo-qian, YAO Meng-lei, HUANG Ji-gui. Spatial-temporal distribution of coronavirus disease 2019 in Jingzhou City [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2020, 40(05): 566-572.