Abstract:

Objective ·To find out the risk factors leading to adverse pregnancy outcome by analyzing the correlation of clinical data and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with pregnancy complicated with chronic kidney disease. Methods ·The clinical data before 20 weeks of gestation of single pregnant patients discharged with a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease who conducted standardized prenatal examination and delivered in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were collected retrospectively. According to the pregnancy outcomes, patients were divided into adverse pregnancy outcome group (study group) and good pregnancy outcome group (control group). The clinical data, laboratory test results and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups of pregnant women were compared, and the risk factors leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results ·Maternal clinical data of 359 pregnant patients were collected, 6 cases of twin pregnancy were excluded, and the remaining 353 cases of pregnancy with chronic kidney disease were included in this study. Among them, 230 cases of pregnancy without related maternal and fetal complications were included in the good pregnancy outcome group (control group), and 123 cases of pregnancy with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes were included in the adverse pregnancy outcome group (study group). The adverse pregnancy outcome group (one pregnancy can have multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes) includes 69 cases of preeclampsia (including 43 cases of severe preeclampsia), 29 cases of acute kidney injury, 69 cases of premature delivery, 34 cases of infants smaller than gestational age, 46 cases of low birth weight infants, 41 cases of neonatal admission to NICU, and 7 cases of miscarriage after 20 weeks of gestation or neonatal death. There were no differences in age, body mass index, pregnancy times and birth times between the study group and control group. In patients with chronic kidney disease, those who had chronic hypertension (OR=3.385, 95% CI 1.115—10.726, P=0.031), serum creatinine over 60 μmol/L (OR=2.828, 95% CI 1.439—5.557, P=0.003), 24-hour urine protein≥0.3 g (OR=2.234, 95% CI 1.122—4.448, P=0.022), and lupus nephritis before 20 weeks of gestation (OR=4.917, 95% CI=1.967—12.290, P=0.001) were at significantly higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The area under the ROC curve was 0.759, the sensitivity was 52.8%, and the specificity was 84.2% for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion ·Chronic hypertension, 24-hour urine protein≥0.3 g, nephritis type of lupus nephritis and serum creatinine≥ 60 μmol/L before 20 weeks of gestation are independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in CKD patients. The combination of the above four indicators have a good predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Key words: pregnancy, chronic kidney disease, adverse pregnancy outcome, risk factor