Objective To evaluate the effects of different factors on the survival rate of children with nephroblastoma so as to choose treatment methods more reasonably and to improve the prognosis of patients. Methods Sixty-one nephroblastoma cases admitted by the Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Xinhua Hospital from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012 were retrospectively analyzed and the clinical data were statistically analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier process. Results Among 61 cases, 41 cases were male and 20 cases were female. The expected 4-year overall survival rate was 91.8%. The expected 4-year overall survival rates of stageⅠ+Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ, and stage Ⅳ+Ⅴ were 100%, 90.5%, and 78.6%, respectively. The survival rate of late stage of nephroblastoma was significantly lower than that of the early stage. The survival rate of patients who had residual or ulcerated tumors was significantly lower than that of tumor-free patients (4-year overall survival rates of 82.6% and 97.4%, P<0.05). Conclusion The overall prognosis of children with nephroblastoma is good. The normative multi-discipline combined treatment can improve the prognosis. Clinical staging and whether tumors are residual or ulcerated are important prognosis factors.