Objective ·To investigate the status of early mobilization and influencing factors of the patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods ·The convenience sampling method was used to select patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of CRC in the Department of Colorectal Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to December, 2022. The patients′ general information, disease-, surgery- and postoperation-related information, and the situation of postoperative early mobilization were collected by bedside interview and electronic medical record system at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after surgery. The influencing factors were analyzed by univariate analyses and binary Logistic regression. Results ·A total of 277 patients were included. Within 24 h after surgery, 47 patients got out of bed with the early mobilization rate of 16.97%. The walking distance of these patients was 55.46 (18.28, 145.60) m within 24 h after surgery, with a minimum of 2.60 m and a maximum of 803.68 m. The average scores of Brown rating of mobility within 24 h, >24-48 h, and >48-72 h after surgery were 2 (0, 4) points, 8 (0, 10) points, and 8 (8, 10) points, which respectively belonged to the low level, moderate level, and moderate level. There were statistical differences in age, preoperative hemoglobin level, anesthesia duration, and the number of indwelling catheters between the early mobilization group and the non-early mobilization group (all P<0.05). Initial exhaust time, initial defecation time and postoperative length of stay of the early mobilization group were significantly shorter than those of the non-early mobilization group (all P<0.05). There were no postoperative complications in the early mobilization group, while the postoperative complications occurred in 11 patients in the non-early mobilization group with the incidence of complications of 4.78%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥70 years old, low preoperative hemoglobin level and long anesthesia duration had significant influence on postoperative early mobilization (all P<0.05). Conclusion ·Early mobilization of patients after laparoscopic radical resection of CRC can significantly accelerate postoperative rehabilitation, but the current status of early mobilization needs to be improved. Age, preoperative hemoglobin level and anesthesia duration are influencing factors of early mobilization.
Keywords:early mobilization
;
colorectal cancer (CRC)
;
laparoscopic surgery
;
enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)
;
influencing factor
LUO Chen, SHEN Ling, WANG Chuanwei, GU Jiani, WANG Jin, ZHAO Li, HUANG Shuai. Current status and influencing factors of early mobilization of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)[J], 2023, 43(9): 1201-1210 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.09.015
据2020年全球癌症统计报告[1]显示,结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)已成为世界第三大癌症。2020年中国该病新发病例数占全球新发病例的24%,死亡病例数占全球死亡病例的30%[2]。CRC目前的治疗以手术切除为主,围术期提倡执行加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念,以达到减轻手术应激、缩短康复时间的目的。术后早期下床活动是ERAS的重要一环,能有效促进肠麻痹恢复、增强胃肠道蠕动、预防肠梗阻的发生[3]。《中国加速康复外科临床实践指南(2021)》[4](以下简称《2021版ERAS指南》)已明确,结直肠手术患者术后第1日即可下床活动。然而目前患者对术后早期下床活动的依从性并不高。一项涉及欧洲4个国家12家医院的横断面研究[5]发现,ERAS方案中患者依从性最差的就是早期下床活动,患者术后首日下床步行的依从性仅为9%。研究[3]显示,患者对术后24 h内下床活动的良好依从性能显著降低术后严重并发症的发生率,缩短术后住院时间,改善预后。因此,本研究拟调查腹腔镜CRC根治术后患者早期下床活动的现状,分析其影响因素,旨在为临床开展相关干预提供依据。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象及分组
本研究为单中心横断面研究。采用方便抽样法,选取2022年1月—12月入住上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院肛肠外科和普外科行择期腹腔镜CRC根治术的患者为研究对象。纳入标准:① 年龄18~75岁。② 经病理学诊断为CRC。③ 术前行走功能正常,无活动限制。④ 术前生命体征平稳,能耐受手术。⑤ 美国麻醉医师学会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)麻醉分级≤Ⅲ级,且美国纽约心脏病学会(New York Heart Association,NYHA)心功能分级≤Ⅲ级。⑥ 患者及家属均知情同意,自愿配合。排除标准:① 术前出现急腹症、出血等情况需接受急诊手术。② 合并重要脏器严重功能不全。③ 合并3处及以上肿瘤。④ 行姑息性手术。⑤ 认知障碍、听力沟通障碍、表达障碍、智力障碍、精神障碍。脱落标准:① 术中转开腹。② 术后转入重症监护病房,且停留时间>24 h。③ 因病情需要转至其他科室。④ 术后出现伤口出血、感染等限制活动的情况。⑤ 术后住院时间<3 d。
The study was designed by LUO Chen and SHEN Ling. LUO Chen, GU Jiani, WANG Jin, ZHAO Li, and HUANG Shuai participated in the clinical data collection. WANG Chuanwei was responsible for statistics. The manuscript was drafted and revised by LUO Chen. The manuscript was guided and revised by SHEN Ling. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.
利益冲突声明
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
COMPETING INTERESTS
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
SUNG H, FERLAY J, SIEGEL R L, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249.
CAO W, CHEN H D, YU Y W, et al. Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: a secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2021, 134(7): 783-791.
ROSOWICZ A, BRODY J S, LAZAR D J, et al. Early ambulation is associated with improved outcomes following colorectal surgery[J]. Am Surg, 2022: 31348221142590.
Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Society of Anesthesiology. Clinical practice guidelines for ERAS in China (2021)(Ⅴ)[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2021, 12(5): 658-665.
VAN ZELM R, COECKELBERGHS E, SERMEUS W, et al. Variation in care for surgical patients with colorectal cancer: protocol adherence in 12 European hospitals[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2017, 32(10): 1471-1478.
MEI Y Y. Construction and application of early mobilization protocol for colorectal surgery in enhanced recovery after surgery[D]. Xinxiang: Xinxiang Medical University, 2021.
KORANNE A, BYAKODI K G, TEGGIMANI V, et al. A comparative study between peptic ulcer perforation score, Mannheim peritonitis index, ASA score, and Jabalpur score in predicting the mortality in perforated peptic ulcers[J]. Surg J (N Y), 2022, 8(3): e162-e168.
CARABALLO C, DESAI N R, MULDER H, et al. Clinical implications of the New York Heart Association classification[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2019, 8(23): e014240.
BROWN C J, FRIEDKIN R J, INOUYE S K. Prevalence and outcomes of low mobility in hospitalized older patients[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2004, 52(8): 1263-1270.
WANG M Y, ZHUANG S S. Application of early active nursing intervention in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery[J]. China Health Standard Management, 2019, 10(23): 147-149.
LIU Y, WU H X, HU B H. Applied effects of fast track surgery-based high quality nursing during surgery of colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Disease (Electronic Edition), 2021, 10(3): 332-336.
ZHU S Q, DENG B, SONG M X, et al. Construction and effects of early mobilization program for postoperative patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Nursing Management, 2021, 21(7): 1025-1030.
VAN ROOIJEN S, CARLI F, DALTON S, et al. Multimodal prehabilitation in colorectal cancer patients to improve functional capacity and reduce postoperative complications: the first international randomized controlled trial for multimodal prehabilitation[J]. BMC Cancer, 2019, 19(1): 98.
FICARI F, BORGHI F, CATARCI M, et al. Enhanced recovery pathways in colorectal surgery: a consensus paper by the Associazione Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani (ACOI) and the PeriOperative Italian Society (POIS)[J]. G Chir, 2019, 40(4 Supp): 1-40.
CURTIS N J, NOBLE E, SALIB E, et al. Does hospital readmission following colorectal cancer resection and enhanced recovery after surgery affect long term survival?[J]. Colorectal Dis, 2017, 19(8): 723-730.
CHEN J W, XU L X, WU X L, et al. Risk factors of unplanned readmission in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer: an analysis based on Logistic regression and decision tree[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2022, 29(2): 1-6.
LIU X Y, WANG Z J, YAO H, et al. Effects of acupuncture treatment on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in colorectal cancer: study protocol for randomized controlled trials[J]. Trials, 2022, 23(1): 100.
WU Q, WANG X Y, GU Y F, et al. Status quo and influencing factors of early mobilization of patients after gastrointestinal tumors surgery[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2021, 36(15): 27-29.
LI Z, GONG S. Research progress on strategies to promote early mobilization among patients after abdominal surgery based on the concept to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery[J]. Chinese Nursing Management, 2019, 19(1): 142-145.
XIONG F L, HE Y H, JIANG X L. Analyses of status and influencing factors of early ambulation in patients with gastric cancer under enhanced recovery surgery mode[J]. Chinese Journal of Bases and Clinics in General Surgery, 2022, 29(12): 1618-1622.
ZHANG X L, WANG J. Influencing factors of early ambulation after surgery in neurosurgery patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing, 2021, 27(2): 227-231.
GUSTAFSSON U O, SCOTT M J, HUBNER M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations: 2018[J]. World J Surg, 2019, 43(3): 659-695.
ZHENG L J, HU Z, CHANG T, et al. Clinical study of laparoscopic “tube-free” colorectal surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Disease (Electronic Edition), 2018, 7(5): 447-452.
ZHAO S, ZHANG L Y, GAO F, et al. Transanal drainage tube use for preventing anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Surg, 2021, 156(12): 1151-1158.
SEGELMAN J, NYGREN J. Best practice in major elective rectal/pelvic surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)[J]. Updates Surg, 2017, 69(4): 435-439.
GRASS F, PACHE B, MARTIN D, et al. Feasibility of early postoperative mobilisation after colorectal surgery: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Int J Surg, 2018, 56: 161-166.
SHEN B, WANG J R, CHENG Y S. Investigation on status and influencing factors of early mobilization in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery[J]. Academic Journal of Chinese PLA Medical School, 2021, 42(10): 1053-1057.
ZENG W G, LIU M J, ZHOU Z X, et al. Enhanced recovery programme following laparoscopic colorectal resection for elderly patients[J]. ANZ J Surg, 2018, 88(6): 582-586.
WANG X Y, GU Y F, CHEN H, et al. Effect of preoperative trimodal prehabilitation on rehabilitation of elderly patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2022, 36(18): 3233-3238.
GILLIS C, LI C, LEE L, et al. Prehabilitation versus rehabilitation: a randomized control trial in patients undergoing colorectal resection for cancer[J]. Anesthesiology, 2014, 121(5): 937-947.
NGUYEN Q, MENG E, BERUBE J, et al. Preoperative anemia and transfusion in cardiac surgery: a single-centre retrospective study[J]. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2021, 16(1): 109.
MUÑOZ M, GÓMEZ-RAMÍREZ S, MARTÍN-MONTAÑEZ E, et al. Perioperative anemia management in colorectal cancer patients: a pragmatic approach[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(8): 1972-1985.
QIN F, LI Q P, CHEN X, et al. Assessment and coping with early out-of-bed mobilization of patients after surgery: a review[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2020, 35(5): 101-105.
American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management. Practice guidelines for perioperative blood management: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management[J]. Anesthesiology, 2015, 122(2): 241-275.
Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Society of Anesthesiology. Clinical practice guidelines for ERAS in China(2021)(Ⅰ)[J]. Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology, 2021, 41(9): 1028-1034.
XU C S, QU X D, QU Z J, et al. Effect of subarachnoid anesthesia combined with propofol target-controlled infusion on blood loss and transfusion for posterior total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2020(6): 650-656.