上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报(医学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (05): 688-692.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2020.05.022

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

肾结石的危险因素与诊断评估研究进展

周悦玲，丁 峰   

  1. 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院肾脏内科，上海200011
  • 出版日期:2020-05-28 发布日期:2020-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 丁 峰，电子信箱：dingfeng@sjtu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:周悦玲（1989—），女，住院医师，博士；电子信箱：stellabright@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院临床研究型多学科诊疗团队项目（201701019）。

Recent advances in the risk factors, diagnosis and evaluation of renal calculus

ZHOU Yue-ling, DING Feng   

  1. Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
  • Online:2020-05-28 Published:2020-05-28
  • Supported by:
    Clinical Research Project of Multi-Disciplinary Team, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (201701019).

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摘要： 肾结石是泌尿系统常见病、多发病。结石的形成与饮食因素、遗传背景、合并症、体内微生物环境、尿液调节因子等都存在重要关联。该疾病已逐渐被认定为一种慢性代谢性疾病，需要多学科共同干预。肾结石的诊断评估主要依靠影像学、相关代谢检查以及结石成分分析。CT作为指南推荐的首选影像学检查具有断层解剖结构清晰、结石诊断敏感度及特异度高等特点，双能CT亦可对不同成分的结石进行分辨。24 h尿液成分分析可实现对肾结石发生风险进行临床预测。该文就肾结石发生的危险因素和诊断评估的研究进展进行综述。

关键词: 肾结石, 危险因素, 诊断, 评估

Abstract:

Renal calculus is a common disease of urinary system. Calculus formation is associated with dietary factors, genetics, comorbidities, microorganism environment, modulators in the urine and many other factors. It has become a kind of chronic metabolic condition which needs multi-disciplinary treatment. Imaging, metabolic evaluation and calculus analysis provide a variety of tools for calculus diagnosis and evaluation. As the first-line imagine examination recommended by guidelines, CT has advantages in distinct sectional anatomy with high sensitivity and specificity, and dual-energy CT makes it possible to discriminate different calculus compositions noninvasively. The 24-hour urine test can help predict the risk of renal calculus. This article reviews recent research progresses in the risk factors, diagnosis and evaluation of renal calculus.

Key words: renal calculus, risk factor, diagnosis, evaluation

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