调节性T细胞在眼表疾病中作用的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.08.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为眼球的外部屏障，由角膜、结膜、眼睑及其上面的睑板腺、泪腺组成的眼表组织暴露于环境当中。在维持角膜光滑和湿润的同时，眼表组织还具有丰富的免疫细胞及相关因子；它们通过先天性免疫反应和适应性免疫反应对抗病原体，以及通过多种调节机制防止针对自身或无害抗原的不必要或者过度的炎症反应。免疫调节发生障碍是许多眼表疾病的基础。调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell，Treg细胞）作为眼表微环境的重要组成部分，通过多种机制积极地参与抑制针对自身、微生物和环境抗原的异常或过度的免疫反应，在诱导免疫耐受、调节机体免疫平衡方面起着重要作用。Treg细胞的功能受损和数量减少，会破坏眼表免疫稳态，进而导致或促进多种眼表疾病的发生。近年来，越来越多的研究着眼于Treg细胞在眼表疾病发生发展中的作用及相关的分子机制。部分临床前研究显示Treg细胞相关免疫疗法在眼表疾病中具有巨大的潜力。因此，该文就Treg细胞的生物学功能及其在干眼症、眼表过敏性疾病、眼表感染性疾病、角膜移植排斥和眼表组织修复方面发挥的作用进行简要综述，探讨Treg细胞疗法在眼表疾病领域的广阔应用前景。

关键词: 调节性T细胞, 眼表疾病, 免疫调节, 炎症, 细胞治疗

Abstract:

As the external barrier of the eyeball, the ocular surface tissue, composed of the cornea, the conjunctiva, the eyelids, the meibomian glands, and the lacrimal gland, is exposed to the environment. In addition to keeping the cornea smooth and wet, the ocular surface is equipped with immune cells and related factors, which are capable of fighting against pathogens through innate and adaptive immune responses and preventing unnecessary or excessive inflammatory reactions against autoantigens or harmless foreign antigens through several regulatory mechanisms. The disorder of immune regulation is at the core of many ocular surface diseases. As an important part of the ocular surface microenvironment, regulatory T cells (Treg cells) actively participate in the suppression of abnormal or excessive immune responses towards the auto, microbial and environmental antigens through various mechanisms, and play a key role in inducing immune tolerance and regulating immune balance. Functional and numerical defects of Treg cells can trigger disruption of the immune homeostasis, leading to or promoting the occurrence of ocular surface diseases. In recent years, more and more researchers are focusing on the role and related molecular mechanisms of Treg cells in the occurrence and development of ocular surface diseases. Some preclinical studies have shown that Treg cell-related immunotherapy has great therapeutic potential in ocular surface diseases. Therefore, this article reviews the biological functions of Treg cells and their roles in the ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye disease, allergic diseases, infectious diseases, corneal transplantation rejection, and tissue repair, and then discusses the promising application prospects of Treg cells therapy in the field.

Key words: regulatory T cell, ocular surface disease, immune regulation, inflammation, cell therapy

中图分类号:

阿婷曦, 邵春益, 傅瑶. 调节性T细胞在眼表疾病中作用的研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 42(8): 1145-1150.

A Tingxi, SHAO Chunyi, FU Yao. Research progress on the role of regulatory T cells in ocular surface diseases[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(8): 1145-1150.

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