上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报（医学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 1378-1382.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2025.10.013

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

抑郁障碍患者记忆提取抑制受损的研究进展

耿梦璐1, 李春波1,2()   

  1. 1.上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心，上海 200030
    2.上海市重性精神病重点实验室，上海交通大学心理学院，上海交通大学国家语言与健康研究中心，上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-07 接受日期:2025-06-06 出版日期:2025-10-28 发布日期:2025-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 李春波，主任医师，博士；电子信箱：licb@smhc.org.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2024YFC3606800);上海市精神心理临床医学研究中心项目(19MC1911100)

Progress of impaired memory suppression in patients with depressive disorders

GENG Menglu1, LI Chunbo1,2()   

  1. 1.Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
    2.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorder; School of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Research Centre for Language and Well-Being, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2025-01-07 Accepted:2025-06-06 Online:2025-10-28 Published:2025-10-28
  • Contact: LI Chunbo, E-mail: licb@smhc.org.cn.
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC3606800);Program of Clinical Research Center of Shanghai Mental Health Center(19MC1911100)

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摘要：

有意识地进行记忆提取抑制从而实现定向遗忘是个体重要的适应功能。在心理治疗理论中，这种主动的遗忘通常与创伤经历相关，即个体主动地将负性记忆排除在意识之外的层面从而实现遗忘，以减少其带来的不愉快情绪体验。既往研究依据“go/no-go”任务发展出了“think/no-think”（TNT）范式，并通过该范式揭示了个体能够通过抑制对记忆过的内容的提取而产生主动遗忘。抑郁障碍患者通常对负性信息表现出认知加工偏向。在TNT任务中，与健康群体相比，抑郁障碍患者存在记忆提取抑制困难，尤其是对负性记忆的提取抑制。这种记忆提取抑制缺陷使负性记忆更容易被唤起，并诱发负性情绪，形成恶性循环。相关神经影像学结果显示，在记忆提取抑制过程中，外侧前额叶通过相关区域实施自上而下的控制，调节海马对记忆的处理，以阻止有意回忆。抑郁个体的前额叶‒海马抑制通路异常和杏仁核的过度激活可能是其负性记忆提取抑制受损的潜在神经机制。该文针对抑郁个体在TNT任务中表现出的负性记忆偏向及机制探索进行综述，总结相关研究结果，以期为开发精准心理治疗和基于改善靶症状群的新方法提供参考。

关键词: 抑郁障碍, 记忆提取抑制, 负性记忆偏向

Abstract:

The intentional suppression of memory retrieval to achieve directed forgetting is a crucial adaptive function for individuals. In psychotherapy theory, such active forgetting is often associated with trauma, where in individuals actively exclude trauma-related negative memories from awareness to reduce unpleasant emotional experiences. Based on the "go/no-go" task paradigm, researchers developed the "think/no-think" (TNT) paradigm, and through this paradigm, they have revealed that individuals can achieve active forgetting by suppressing the retrieval of previously encoded memories. Patients with depressive disorders often exhibit cognitive processing biases toward negative information. Compared to healthy populations, they demonstrate impaired memory retrieval suppression in TNT tasks, especially for negative memories. This deficit in retrieval suppression makes negative memories more susceptible to reactivation, triggering negative emotions and perpetuating a vicious cycle. Relevant neuroimaging results show that during memory retrieval suppression, the lateral prefrontal lobe exerts top-down control through relevant regions to modulate memory processing of hippocampus, thereby blocking intentional recall. Abnormalities in the prefrontal-hippocampal inhibitory pathway and hyperactivation of the amygdala in depressed individuals may be the underlying neural mechanisms for their impaired suppression of negative memory retrieval.This article provides a review focusing on the negative memory bias exhibited in depressed individuals in the TNT task and the exploration of its underlying mechanisms. It summarizes relevant research findings with the aim of offering references for the development of precise psychotherapies and novel approaches targeting the improvement of specific symptom clusters.

Key words: depressive disorder, memory retrieval suppression, negative memory bias

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