青少年非自杀性自伤患者的认知功能及神经机制研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2026.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青少年非自杀性自伤（non-suicidal self-injury，NSSI）在全球范围内的患病率呈逐年上升趋势，且越来越多的研究显示其首发年龄趋于低龄化，因此已成为备受关注的社会公共卫生问题。与既往研究观点不同，现有研究认为NSSI行为在情绪障碍、人格障碍、物质使用障碍等疾病中均可存在。研究表明，NSSI个体通常伴有社会功能受损，且与其认知功能受损密切相关，不同成分的受损也提示着相应功能的缺陷。认知功能的成分涵盖众多，主要涉及注意力、执行功能、学习与记忆等多方面，且这些成分与NSSI的发生发展存在着一定关联。值得注意的是，NSSI行为的识别与评估已超越传统的神经心理学范畴。在神经影像学与神经电生理学中，也有越来越多的研究结果提示，NSSI群体在大脑功能与结构等方面与健康人群存在显著差异。因此，该文系统梳理了伴有NSSI行为的青少年认知功能特征及其神经机制的文献，以期为深入理解NSSI的神经生物学基础提供依据。

关键词: 青少年, 非自杀性自伤, 认知功能, 神经机制

Abstract:

The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is on the rise worldwide, and an increasing number of studies indicate that the onset age tends to be younger. Therefore, it has become a public health issue of great concern to all sectors of society.Contrary to previous research perspectives, current studies suggest that NSSI behaviors can be present in various disorders, such as mood disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders.Research shows that individuals engaging in NSSI often have impaired social functioning, which is closely related to impaired cognitive function.Impairments in different components also suggest corresponding functional deficits. Cognitive function encompasses numerous components, mainly including attention, executive function, and learning and memory. These components are associated with the occurrence and development of NSSI to some extent.It is worth noting that the identification and assessment of NSSI behaviors have gone beyond the traditional scope of neuropsychology.In neuroimaging and neurophysiology, an increasing number of research results suggest that there are significant differences in brain function and structure between individuals with NSSI and healthy individuals. Therefore, this article systematically reviews the literature on the cognitive functional characteristics and neural mechanisms of adolescents with NSSI behaviors, aiming to provide a basis for a deeper understanding of the neurobiological basis of NSSI.

Key words: adolescent, non-suicidal self-iniury (NSSI), cognitive function, neural mechanism

中图分类号:

R749.4

金锋, 彭代辉. 青少年非自杀性自伤患者的认知功能及神经机制研究进展[J]. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）, 2026, 46(2): 220-226.

Jin Feng, Peng Daihui. Research progress on cognitive function and neural mechanisms of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2026, 46(2): 220-226.

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