Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science) ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 344-349.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.03.012
• Clinical research • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHAO Zhihong(), WANG Saihua, HAO Shuwen, SONG Xiang, LUO Jun, WU Yingbiao, ZHU Qian, FANG Ming, TIAN Bei, GU Wei, NING Zhongping()
Received:
2021-09-03
Online:
2022-03-28
Published:
2022-05-09
Contact:
NING Zhongping
E-mail:zhihong_zhao@pku.org.cn;ningzhongping88@163.com
Supported by:
CLC Number:
ZHAO Zhihong, WANG Saihua, HAO Shuwen, SONG Xiang, LUO Jun, WU Yingbiao, ZHU Qian, FANG Ming, TIAN Bei, GU Wei, NING Zhongping. Clinical analysis of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast before and after left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(3): 344-349.
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URL: https://xuebao.shsmu.edu.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.03.012
Item | LA SEC group (n=25) | non-LA SEC group (n=101) | t/χ2 value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age/year | 78.2±8.7 | 74.7±8.7 | 1.801 | 0.074 |
Age≥80 years old/n(%) | 13 (52.0) | 35 (34.7) | 1.874 | 0.171 |
Female/n(%) | 11 (44.0) | 43 (42.6) | 0.067 | 0.795 |
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/n(%) | 6 (24.0) | 15 (14.0) | 1.009 | 0.315 |
One-stop strategy/n(%) | 2 (8.0) | 11 (10.9) | 0.007 | 0.934 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 5.7±1.7 | 5.4±1.7 | 0.790 | 0.431 |
HAS-BLED score | 3.2±0.7 | 3.0±1.1 | 0.865 | 0.389 |
Hypertension/n(%) | 20 (80.0) | 75 (74.3) | 0.114 | 0.736 |
Coronary heart disease/n(%) | 18 (72.0) | 75 (74.3) | 0.001 | 0.981 |
Diabetes mellitus/n(%) | 7 (28.0) | 22 (21.8) | 0.399 | 0.527 |
NYHA classification Ⅰ‒Ⅱ grade/n(%) | 19 (76.0) | 92 (91.1) | 0.267 | 0.605 |
NYHA classification Ⅲ grade/n(%) | 7 (28.0) | 9 (8.9) | 5.980 | 0.015 |
Renal dysfunction/n(%) | 3 (12.0) | 5 (4.9) | 0.938 | 0.333 |
Hepatic dysfunction/n(%) | 1 (4.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0.241 | 0.622 |
Ischemic stroke/n(%) | 7 (28.0) | 26 (25.7) | 0.050 | 0.823 |
Transient ischemic attack/n(%) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.9) | 0.206 | 0.650 |
Systemic embolism/n(%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
Oral anticoagulants/n(%) | 3 (12.0) | 9 (8.9) | 0.008 | 0.928 |
Preoperative transthoracic ultrasound parameter | ||||
LAD/mm | 46.9±4.7 | 45.0±7.1 | 1.269 | 0.207 |
LAD≥40 mm/n(%) | 25 (100) | 81 (80.2) | 4.495 | 0.034 |
LVEDD/mm | 53.2±6.6 | 49.7±6.5 | 2.403 | 0.017 |
LVEDD≥55 mm/n(%) | 12 (48.0) | 20 (19.8) | 6.987 | 0.008 |
LVEF/% | 51.8±10.4 | 58.1±8.5 | 3.169 | 0.002 |
LVEF≤40%/n(%) | 6 (24.0) | 4 (3.9) | 8.442 | 0.004 |
Tab 1 Baseline data of AF patients before LAAC with or without LA SEC
Item | LA SEC group (n=25) | non-LA SEC group (n=101) | t/χ2 value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age/year | 78.2±8.7 | 74.7±8.7 | 1.801 | 0.074 |
Age≥80 years old/n(%) | 13 (52.0) | 35 (34.7) | 1.874 | 0.171 |
Female/n(%) | 11 (44.0) | 43 (42.6) | 0.067 | 0.795 |
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/n(%) | 6 (24.0) | 15 (14.0) | 1.009 | 0.315 |
One-stop strategy/n(%) | 2 (8.0) | 11 (10.9) | 0.007 | 0.934 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 5.7±1.7 | 5.4±1.7 | 0.790 | 0.431 |
HAS-BLED score | 3.2±0.7 | 3.0±1.1 | 0.865 | 0.389 |
Hypertension/n(%) | 20 (80.0) | 75 (74.3) | 0.114 | 0.736 |
Coronary heart disease/n(%) | 18 (72.0) | 75 (74.3) | 0.001 | 0.981 |
Diabetes mellitus/n(%) | 7 (28.0) | 22 (21.8) | 0.399 | 0.527 |
NYHA classification Ⅰ‒Ⅱ grade/n(%) | 19 (76.0) | 92 (91.1) | 0.267 | 0.605 |
NYHA classification Ⅲ grade/n(%) | 7 (28.0) | 9 (8.9) | 5.980 | 0.015 |
Renal dysfunction/n(%) | 3 (12.0) | 5 (4.9) | 0.938 | 0.333 |
Hepatic dysfunction/n(%) | 1 (4.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0.241 | 0.622 |
Ischemic stroke/n(%) | 7 (28.0) | 26 (25.7) | 0.050 | 0.823 |
Transient ischemic attack/n(%) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.9) | 0.206 | 0.650 |
Systemic embolism/n(%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
Oral anticoagulants/n(%) | 3 (12.0) | 9 (8.9) | 0.008 | 0.928 |
Preoperative transthoracic ultrasound parameter | ||||
LAD/mm | 46.9±4.7 | 45.0±7.1 | 1.269 | 0.207 |
LAD≥40 mm/n(%) | 25 (100) | 81 (80.2) | 4.495 | 0.034 |
LVEDD/mm | 53.2±6.6 | 49.7±6.5 | 2.403 | 0.017 |
LVEDD≥55 mm/n(%) | 12 (48.0) | 20 (19.8) | 6.987 | 0.008 |
LVEF/% | 51.8±10.4 | 58.1±8.5 | 3.169 | 0.002 |
LVEF≤40%/n(%) | 6 (24.0) | 4 (3.9) | 8.442 | 0.004 |
Item | LA SEC group (n=25) | non-LA SEC group (n=101) | t/χ2 value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
LAmbre occluding parameter | ||||
LAA orifice diameter/mm | 27.9±4.3 | 28.6±5.4 | 0.602 | 0.548 |
Seal disc diameter/mm | 33.8±3.3 | 33.5±4.7 | 0.301 | 0.764 |
Anchoring disc diameter/mm | 24.2±4.9 | 25.2±5.9 | 0.783 | 0.435 |
LAA completely occluded/n(%) | 14 (56.0) | 33 (23.8) | 3.718 | 0.054 |
LAAC peridevice leak/n(%) | 2.611 | 0.106 | ||
No peridevice leak | 15 (60.0) | 40 (39.6) | ||
<3 mm | 10 (40.0) | 51 (50.5) | ||
3‒5 mm | 0 (0) | 10 (9.9) | ||
>5 mm | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Perioperative complication | ||||
Pericardial effusion/n(%) | 2 (8.0) | 15 (14.9) | 0.326 | 0.568 |
Pericardial tamponade/n(%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
Death/n(%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
DRT/n(%) | 4 (16.0) | 11 (10.9) | 0.131 | 0.718 |
Tab 2 Comparison of perioperative parameters and DRT between the two groups
Item | LA SEC group (n=25) | non-LA SEC group (n=101) | t/χ2 value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
LAmbre occluding parameter | ||||
LAA orifice diameter/mm | 27.9±4.3 | 28.6±5.4 | 0.602 | 0.548 |
Seal disc diameter/mm | 33.8±3.3 | 33.5±4.7 | 0.301 | 0.764 |
Anchoring disc diameter/mm | 24.2±4.9 | 25.2±5.9 | 0.783 | 0.435 |
LAA completely occluded/n(%) | 14 (56.0) | 33 (23.8) | 3.718 | 0.054 |
LAAC peridevice leak/n(%) | 2.611 | 0.106 | ||
No peridevice leak | 15 (60.0) | 40 (39.6) | ||
<3 mm | 10 (40.0) | 51 (50.5) | ||
3‒5 mm | 0 (0) | 10 (9.9) | ||
>5 mm | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Perioperative complication | ||||
Pericardial effusion/n(%) | 2 (8.0) | 15 (14.9) | 0.326 | 0.568 |
Pericardial tamponade/n(%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
Death/n(%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
DRT/n(%) | 4 (16.0) | 11 (10.9) | 0.131 | 0.718 |
Item | LA SEC group (n=58) | non-LA SEC group (n=68) | t/χ² value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before LAAC,LA SEC patients/n(%) | 10 (17.2) | 15 (22.1) | 0.204 | 0.651 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 5.8±1.7 | 5.4±1.9 | 1.236 | 0.219 |
HAS-BLED score | 3.4±1.1 | 3.1±1.1 | 1.526 | 0.129 |
Transthoracic ultrasound parameter | ||||
LAD/mm | 47.3±7.3 | 43.8±5.7 | 3.020 | 0.003 |
LAD≥40 mm/n(%) | 52 (89.7) | 54 (79.4) | 1.752 | 0.186 |
LAD 40‒45 mm/n(%) | 20 (34.5) | 31 (45.6) | 1.175 | 0.278 |
LAD≥45 mm/n(%) | 32 (55.2) | 27 (39.7) | 2.418 | 0.120 |
LVEDD/mm | 51.3±6.8 | 48.7±6.5 | 2.191 | 0.030 |
LVEDD>55 mm/n(%) | 14 (24.1) | 10 (14.7) | 1.246 | 0.264 |
LVEF/% | 54.6±9.2 | 58.8±8.9 | 2.600 | 0.010 |
LVEF≤50%/n(%) | 13 (22.4) | 8 (11.8) | 1.847 | 0.174 |
LVEF≤40%/n(%) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (2.9) | 0.020 | 0.889 |
LAmbre occluding parameter | ||||
LAA orifice diameter/mm | 29.4±4.8 | 27.0±5.5 | 2.587 | 0.011 |
Seal disc diameter/mm | 34.4±3.9 | 32.8±4.7 | 2.058 | 0.042 |
Anchoring disc diameter/mm | 25.8±5.3 | 24.4±6.0 | 1.377 | 0.171 |
LAAC peridevice leak/n(%) | 0.022 | 0.882 | ||
No peridevice leak | 22 (37.9) | 26 (38.2) | ||
<3 mm | 34 (58.6) | 36 (52.9) | ||
3‒5 mm | 2 (3.5) | 5 (7.4) | ||
>5 mm | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | ||
Antiplatelet drug regimen/n(%) | 18 (34.0) | 7 (9.7) | 7.212 | 0.007 |
DRT/n(%) | 9 (15.5) | 6 (8.8) | 0.775 | 0.379 |
Follow-up event/n(%) | ||||
Death | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.5) | 0.019 | 0.889 |
Ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack | 2 (3.5) | 3 (4.4) | 0.033 | 0.856 |
Systemic embolism | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
Cerebral hemorrhage | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
Tab 3 Comparison of data between the LA SEC group and non-LA SEC group diagnosed by TEE after LAAC
Item | LA SEC group (n=58) | non-LA SEC group (n=68) | t/χ² value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before LAAC,LA SEC patients/n(%) | 10 (17.2) | 15 (22.1) | 0.204 | 0.651 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 5.8±1.7 | 5.4±1.9 | 1.236 | 0.219 |
HAS-BLED score | 3.4±1.1 | 3.1±1.1 | 1.526 | 0.129 |
Transthoracic ultrasound parameter | ||||
LAD/mm | 47.3±7.3 | 43.8±5.7 | 3.020 | 0.003 |
LAD≥40 mm/n(%) | 52 (89.7) | 54 (79.4) | 1.752 | 0.186 |
LAD 40‒45 mm/n(%) | 20 (34.5) | 31 (45.6) | 1.175 | 0.278 |
LAD≥45 mm/n(%) | 32 (55.2) | 27 (39.7) | 2.418 | 0.120 |
LVEDD/mm | 51.3±6.8 | 48.7±6.5 | 2.191 | 0.030 |
LVEDD>55 mm/n(%) | 14 (24.1) | 10 (14.7) | 1.246 | 0.264 |
LVEF/% | 54.6±9.2 | 58.8±8.9 | 2.600 | 0.010 |
LVEF≤50%/n(%) | 13 (22.4) | 8 (11.8) | 1.847 | 0.174 |
LVEF≤40%/n(%) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (2.9) | 0.020 | 0.889 |
LAmbre occluding parameter | ||||
LAA orifice diameter/mm | 29.4±4.8 | 27.0±5.5 | 2.587 | 0.011 |
Seal disc diameter/mm | 34.4±3.9 | 32.8±4.7 | 2.058 | 0.042 |
Anchoring disc diameter/mm | 25.8±5.3 | 24.4±6.0 | 1.377 | 0.171 |
LAAC peridevice leak/n(%) | 0.022 | 0.882 | ||
No peridevice leak | 22 (37.9) | 26 (38.2) | ||
<3 mm | 34 (58.6) | 36 (52.9) | ||
3‒5 mm | 2 (3.5) | 5 (7.4) | ||
>5 mm | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | ||
Antiplatelet drug regimen/n(%) | 18 (34.0) | 7 (9.7) | 7.212 | 0.007 |
DRT/n(%) | 9 (15.5) | 6 (8.8) | 0.775 | 0.379 |
Follow-up event/n(%) | ||||
Death | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.5) | 0.019 | 0.889 |
Ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack | 2 (3.5) | 3 (4.4) | 0.033 | 0.856 |
Systemic embolism | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
Cerebral hemorrhage | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‒ | ‒ |
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