Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) refers to RNA transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides in length, which plays regulatory roles directly in the form of RNA. Their functions are affected by their secondary structures, post transcriptional modification and so on. LncRNA can be classified to various subtypes with complicated mechanisms. In human-induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), dynamic expression of some lncRNAs is detected during the neuronal differentiation, and a series of lncRNAs associated closely with the development process of the central nervous system (CNS) are found. This review summarizes the molecular biological properties of lncRNA and their regulatory functions in the development of the CNS, which is helpful to reveal the mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of certain neurological diseases and results in innovation of their diagnosis and treatment.